Sociodemographic Factors Are Associated with the Abundance of PFAS Sources and Detection in U.S. Community Water Systems

Drinking water contaminated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a widespread public health concern, and exposure–response relationships are known to vary across sociodemographic groups. However, research on disparities in drinking water PFAS exposures and the siting of PFAS sources in m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2023-05, Vol.57 (21), p.7902-7912
Main Authors: Liddie, Jahred M., Schaider, Laurel A., Sunderland, Elsie M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Airports
Alkanesulfonic Acids
Contamination
Drinking water
Drinking Water - analysis
Ecotoxicology and Public Health
Environmental justice
Fluorocarbons - analysis
Hispanic Americans
Humans
Military facilities
Mitigation
Perfluoroalkyl & polyfluoroalkyl substances
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
Perfluorooctanoic acid
Public health
Risk reduction
Sociodemographic Factors
Sociodemographics
Sulfonic acid
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollution
Watersheds
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Summary:Drinking water contaminated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a widespread public health concern, and exposure–response relationships are known to vary across sociodemographic groups. However, research on disparities in drinking water PFAS exposures and the siting of PFAS sources in marginalized communities is limited. Here, we use monitoring data from 7873 U.S. community water systems (CWS) in 18 states to show that PFAS detection is positively associated with the number of PFAS sources and proportions of people of color who are served by these water systems. Each additional industrial facility, military fire training area, and airport in a CWS watershed was associated with a 10–108% increase in perfluorooctanoic acid and a 20–34% increase in perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in drinking water. Waste sector sources were also significantly associated with drinking water PFAS concentrations. CWS watersheds with PFAS sources served higher proportions of Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic Black residents compared to those without PFAS sources. CWS serving higher proportions of Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic Black residents had significantly increased odds of detecting several PFAS. This likely reflects disparities in the siting of PFAS contamination sources. Results of this work suggest that addressing environmental justice concerns should be a component of risk mitigation planning for areas affected by drinking water PFAS contamination.
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.2c07255