Regulatory T lymphocytes as a therapy for ischemic stroke

Unrestrained excessive inflammatory responses exacerbate ischemic brain injury and impede post-stroke brain recovery. CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T (Treg) cells play important immunosuppressive roles to curtail inflammatory responses and regain immune homeostasis after stroke. Accumulating evide...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Seminars in immunopathology 2023-05, Vol.45 (3), p.329-346
Main Authors: Wang, Miao, Thomson, Angus W., Yu, Fang, Hazra, Rimi, Junagade, Aditi, Hu, Xiaoming
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autoimmune diseases
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Brain injury
CD25 antigen
CD4 antigen
Cell interactions
Foxp3 protein
Homeostasis
Humans
Immunology
Immunosuppressive Agents
Inflammation
Internal Medicine
Ischemia
Ischemic Stroke
Lymphocytes T
Molecular modelling
Neuroprotection
Pathology
Review
Stroke
Stroke - therapy
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
Transplantation
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Summary:Unrestrained excessive inflammatory responses exacerbate ischemic brain injury and impede post-stroke brain recovery. CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + regulatory T (Treg) cells play important immunosuppressive roles to curtail inflammatory responses and regain immune homeostasis after stroke. Accumulating evidence confirms that Treg cells are neuroprotective at the acute stage after stroke and promote brain repair at the chronic phases. The beneficial effects of Treg cells are mediated by diverse mechanisms involving cell–cell interactions and soluble factor release. Multiple types of cells, including both immune cells and non-immune CNS cells, have been identified to be cellular targets of Treg cells. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding the function of Treg cells in ischemic stroke and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. The protective and reparative properties of Treg cells endorse them as good candidates for immune therapy. Strategies that boost the numbers and functions of Treg cells have been actively developing in the fields of transplantation and autoimmune diseases. We discuss the approaches for Treg cell expansion that have been tested in stroke models. The application of these approaches to stroke patients may bring new hope for stroke treatments.
ISSN:1863-2297
1863-2300
1863-2300
DOI:10.1007/s00281-022-00975-z