Type I Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection in a 33-Year-Old Male With Clinically Suspected Myopericarditis

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2023-05, Vol.15 (5), p.e38570
• Main Authors: Nisson, Cullen, Hernandez Mato, Yeily, Lingappa, Nimisha, Abraham, James
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acute coronary syndromes; Antibodies; Autopsies; Biopsy; Cardiology; Cardiovascular disease; Connective tissue; Coronary vessels; Diabetes; Dissection; Electrocardiography; Emergency Medicine; Females; Hemoglobin; High density lipoprotein; Inflammatory bowel disease; Inflammatory diseases; Internal Medicine; Laboratories; Lupus; Males; Medical imaging; Pericarditis; Sarcoidosis; Ultrasonic imaging; Vein & artery diseases; Vomiting
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38570

We report a 33-year-old male with uncontrolled type II diabetes, and tobacco and marijuana use who presented with chest pain after a night of binge drinking and vomiting. ECG changes were consistent with acute pericarditis. Troponin levels were found to be significantly elevated and rising. The patient was immediately treated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), morphine, nitroglycerin drip, and heparin drip. Echocardiogram showed preserved ejection fraction (EF) without effusion. Coronary angiography demonstrated a type I spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) of the mid-left anterior descending artery (LAD) without significant coronary artery disease. Diagnostic intravenous ultrasound (IVUS) confirmed a type I SCAD with penumbra and a minimal luminal area of 10 mm of the mid-LAD without significant luminal narrowing. Percutaneous intervention was performed with ultrasound-guided penumbra aspiration thrombectomy. Medical therapy was started with aspirin and ticagrelor, high-intensity statin, metoprolol tartrate, lisinopril, colchicine, and insulin. A biopsy or cardiac MRI was not performed due to the resolution of the patient's symptoms. We conclude that the development of a type I SCAD in this patient was multifactorial in nature, including clinically suspected acute myopericarditis, uncontrolled type II diabetes mellitus, and binge drinking associated with vomiting.