Circadian-Coupled Genes Expression and Regulation in HIV-Associated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Lung Comorbidities

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2023-05, Vol.24 (11), p.9140
• Main Authors: Panda, Kingshuk, Chinnapaiyan, Srinivasan, Rahman, Md Sohanur, Santiago, Maria J, Black, Stephen M, Unwalla, Hoshang J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Adult; AIDS; Antiretroviral therapy; Asthma; Care and treatment; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Circadian Clocks - genetics; Circadian rhythm; Circadian Rhythm - genetics; Circadian rhythms; Comorbidity; Development and progression; Gene expression; Gene regulation; Genes; Health aspects; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV; HIV (Viruses); HIV Infections - complications; HIV Infections - genetics; HIV Infections - metabolism; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Immune response; Inflammation; Inflammation - metabolism; Life expectancy; Life span; Lung - pathology; Lung diseases; Lungs; Obstructive lung disease; Oscillations; Physiological aspects; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - complications; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - genetics; Respiratory tract diseases; Review
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119140

People living with HIV (PLWH) have an elevated risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are at a higher risk of asthma and worse outcomes. Even though the combination of antiretroviral therapy (cART) has significantly improved the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients, it still shows a higher incidence of COPD in patients as young as 40 years old. Circadian rhythms are endogenous 24 h oscillations that regulate physiological processes, including immune responses. Additionally, they play a significant role in health and diseases by regulating viral replication and its corresponding immune responses. Circadian genes play an essential role in lung pathology, especially in PLWH. The dysregulation of core clock and clock output genes plays an important role in chronic inflammation and aberrant peripheral circadian rhythmicity, particularly in PLWH. In this review, we explained the mechanism underlying circadian clock dysregulation in HIV and its effects on the development and progression of COPD. Furthermore, we discussed potential therapeutic approaches to reset the peripheral molecular clocks and mitigate airway inflammation.