The Coming of Age of the P2X7 Receptor in Diagnostic Medicine

The discovery of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R, originally named P2Z) in immune cells, its cloning, and the identification of its role in a multiplicity of immune-mediated diseases raised great hopes for the development of novel and more potent anti-inflammatory medicaments. Unfortunately, such hopes wer...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2023-05, Vol.24 (11), p.9465
Main Authors: Di Virgilio, Francesco, Vultaggio-Poma, Valentina, Falzoni, Simonetta, Giuliani, Anna Lisa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti-inflammatory agents
Anti-Inflammatory Agents - therapeutic use
Antigens
Blood circulation
Cancer therapies
Clinical trials
Cloning
Drugs
Histamine
Humans
Immune system
Inflammation
Inflammation - diagnosis
Inflammation - drug therapy
Inflammatory diseases
Ligands
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Metabolism
Nitric oxide
Parkinson's disease
Pharmaceutical industry
Proteins
Radioisotopes
Radiopharmaceuticals - therapeutic use
Receptors, Purinergic P2X7
Review
Rheumatoid arthritis
Tomography
Tumors
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Summary:The discovery of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R, originally named P2Z) in immune cells, its cloning, and the identification of its role in a multiplicity of immune-mediated diseases raised great hopes for the development of novel and more potent anti-inflammatory medicaments. Unfortunately, such hopes were partially deluded by the unsatisfactory results of most early clinical trials. This failure substantially reduced the interest of the pharmaceutical and biotech industries in the clinical development of P2X7R-targeted therapies. However, recent findings ushered in a second life for the P2X7R in diagnostic medicine. New P2X7R radioligands proved to be very reliable tools for the diagnosis of neuroinflammation in preclinical and clinical studies, and detection and measurement of free P2X7 receptor (or P2X7 subunit) in human blood suggested its potential use as a circulating marker of inflammation. Here we provide a brief review of these novel developments.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms24119465