Clarifying the Heterogeneity in Response to Vitamin D in the Development, Prevention, and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review

In this review, we explore the potential drivers of heterogeneity in response to Vitamin D (VitD) therapy, such as bioavailability, sex-specific response, and autoimmune pathology, in those at risk for and diagnosed with T2DM. In addition, we propose distinct populations for future interventions wit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2023-06, Vol.20 (12), p.6187
Main Authors: Hands, Jacob M, Corr, Patrick G, Frame, Leigh A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bioavailability
Calciferol
Chronic illnesses
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent)
Disease prevention
Drug dosages
Gene expression
Heterogeneity
Homeostasis
Metabolism
Metabolites
Prevention
Proteins
Public health
Remission
Skin cancer
Vitamin D
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Summary:In this review, we explore the potential drivers of heterogeneity in response to Vitamin D (VitD) therapy, such as bioavailability, sex-specific response, and autoimmune pathology, in those at risk for and diagnosed with T2DM. In addition, we propose distinct populations for future interventions with VitD. The literature concerning VitD supplementation in the prevention, treatment, and remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) spans decades, is complex, and is often contradictory with mixed findings upon intervention. By association, VitD status is powerfully predictive with deficient subjects reporting greater risk for T2DM, conversion to T2DM from prediabetes, and enhanced response to VitD therapy. Preclinical models strongly favor intervention with VitD owing to the pleiotropic influence of VitD on multiple systems. Additional research is crucial as there remain many questions unanswered that are related to VitD status and conditions such as T2DM. Future research must be conducted to better understand the potentially spurious relationships between VitD status, supplementation, sun exposure, health behaviors, and the diagnosis and management of T2DM. Public health practice can greatly benefit from a better understanding of the mechanisms by which we can reliably increase VitD status and how this can be used to develop education and improve health behaviors.
ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph20126187