Contraceptive decision‐making through the lens of social determinants of health among female sex workers: A qualitative descriptive study

• Published in: Journal of advanced nursing 2023-05, Vol.79 (5), p.1898-1911
• Main Authors: Zemlak, Jessica L., Alexander, Kamila A., Wilson, Deborah, Sherman, Susan G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Autonomy; Behavior; Birth control; Child; Childbearing; Childbirth & labor; Clinical decision making; Community service; Contraception; Contraceptive Agents; Contraceptive services; Decision making; Domestic violence; Family Planning Services; Fathers; Female; Females; Health care; Health care access; Health services; Humans; inequalities in health; Interviews; Intimacy; nursing; Parents & parenting; Prostitution; Reproductive health; Sex industry; Sex Workers; Sexual Behavior; sexual health; Social Determinants of Health; Social environment; Social factors; Violence; Women; Workers
• ISSN: 0309-2402; 1365-2648
• DOI: 10.1111/jan.15651

Aims The aim of the study was to examine how female sex worker's motivations, desires, intentions and behaviours towards childbearing and childbearing avoidance inform their contraceptive decision‐making. We explored the influence of social determinants of health in the domains of social context (sexual partners and experiences of violence), healthcare access, economic instability on the contraceptive decision‐making process. Design We conducted a qualitative descriptive study informed by Miller's Theory of Childbearing Motivations, Desires and Intentions through the lens of social determinants of health. Methods Participants were recruited from a parent study, EMERALD, in July–September, 2020. Data were collected from 22 female sex workers ages 18–49 using semi‐structured 45 to 60‐min audio‐recorded interviews and transcribed verbatim. Theory guided the development of the study's interview guide and thematic analytic strategy. Results Five themes emerged related to contraceptive decision‐making: Motivations (value of fatherhood), Desires (relationships with love), Intentions and Behaviours (drugs overpower everything, contraceptive strategies and having children means being a protector). Women's contraceptive decision‐making often included intentions to use contraception. However, social determinants such relationships with clients and intimate partners, interpersonal violence and challenges accessing traditional health care offering contraceptive services often interfered with these intentions and influenced contraceptive behaviours. Conclusion Women's contraceptive decision‐making process included well‐informed desires related to childbearing and contraceptive use. However, social determinants across domains of health interfered with autonomous contraceptive decision‐making. More effort is needed to examine the influence of social determinants on the reproductive health of this population. Impact Findings from this study build on existing research that examines social determinants impacting reproductive health among female sex workers. Existing theoretical frameworks may not fully capture the influence constrained reproductive autonomy has on contraceptive decision‐making. Future studies examining interpersonal and structural barriers to contraception are warranted. Patient or Public Contribution The parent study, EMERALD, collaborated with community service providers in the study intervention.