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Barriers and facilitators influencing access to and utilization of primary healthcare services in Kurdistan-region, Iraq: a cross-sectional study
The primary healthcare (PHC) idea is intended to become the first line of interaction for members of the public with care needs, as well as a system that views health as a complete state of being rather than only a state of wellbeing. This study aimed to examine the barriers and facilitators influen...
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Published in: | Annals of medicine and surgery 2023-07, Vol.85 (7), p.3409-3417 |
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description | The primary healthcare (PHC) idea is intended to become the first line of interaction for members of the public with care needs, as well as a system that views health as a complete state of being rather than only a state of wellbeing. This study aimed to examine the barriers and facilitators influencing the access and utilization of PHC services in Erbil governorate, Kurdistan-region, Iraq, through assessing populations' practice, and satisfaction. Also, explore the relationship between the socioeconomic, demographic, and cultural characteristics of the study population and utilization of PHC services.
This was a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire-based survey was used for data collection. Totally, 2400 individuals have been selected in 6 different districts and the centre of Erbil through the multi-cluster random sampling method. The χ
test was used for categorical variables, and a one-way ANOVA was used for numerical variables. A
value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The main reason for utilizing PHC centres was preventive purpose (68.1%), then poverty was the second reason (11.33%), and the participants reported that during the presence of urgent cases when they cannot use other health facilities, they use PHC centres (9%). In terms of barriers for utilizing and visiting PHC centres, the participated people stated that most of them, due to inadequate services, did not use and visit PHC centres (83.21%); the second reason was the presence of chronic diseases such as hypertension, which makes them visit private clinics (7.79%) and generally, (31.4%) of the participants were satisfied with the health services nearby.
In conclusion, it appears that many people visit PHC facilities, but most of them only do so as a preventative measure, and very few go there to obtain basic medical treatment. Most patients go to private clinics and/or hospitals since those facilities have better access to specialists, better quality and quantity of medications, and laboratory testing. Additionally, combining and strengthening service quality aspects that prioritize a patient-centred environment and an effective service delivery system is a key strategy for the health sector to increase patient satisfaction. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1097/MS9.0000000000000957 |
format | article |
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This was a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire-based survey was used for data collection. Totally, 2400 individuals have been selected in 6 different districts and the centre of Erbil through the multi-cluster random sampling method. The χ
test was used for categorical variables, and a one-way ANOVA was used for numerical variables. A
value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The main reason for utilizing PHC centres was preventive purpose (68.1%), then poverty was the second reason (11.33%), and the participants reported that during the presence of urgent cases when they cannot use other health facilities, they use PHC centres (9%). In terms of barriers for utilizing and visiting PHC centres, the participated people stated that most of them, due to inadequate services, did not use and visit PHC centres (83.21%); the second reason was the presence of chronic diseases such as hypertension, which makes them visit private clinics (7.79%) and generally, (31.4%) of the participants were satisfied with the health services nearby.
In conclusion, it appears that many people visit PHC facilities, but most of them only do so as a preventative measure, and very few go there to obtain basic medical treatment. Most patients go to private clinics and/or hospitals since those facilities have better access to specialists, better quality and quantity of medications, and laboratory testing. Additionally, combining and strengthening service quality aspects that prioritize a patient-centred environment and an effective service delivery system is a key strategy for the health sector to increase patient satisfaction.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2049-0801</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2049-0801</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000000957</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37427184</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher><subject>Original Research</subject><ispartof>Annals of medicine and surgery, 2023-07, Vol.85 (7), p.3409-3417</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 2023</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c339t-640a40703529e8f21ff86b76eaec5c6d858d3fb0ce66f9e33eed3b3f8519f0e83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c339t-640a40703529e8f21ff86b76eaec5c6d858d3fb0ce66f9e33eed3b3f8519f0e83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10328711/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10328711/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37427184$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mahmood, Kochr Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saleh, Abubakir Majeed</creatorcontrib><title>Barriers and facilitators influencing access to and utilization of primary healthcare services in Kurdistan-region, Iraq: a cross-sectional study</title><title>Annals of medicine and surgery</title><addtitle>Ann Med Surg (Lond)</addtitle><description>The primary healthcare (PHC) idea is intended to become the first line of interaction for members of the public with care needs, as well as a system that views health as a complete state of being rather than only a state of wellbeing. This study aimed to examine the barriers and facilitators influencing the access and utilization of PHC services in Erbil governorate, Kurdistan-region, Iraq, through assessing populations' practice, and satisfaction. Also, explore the relationship between the socioeconomic, demographic, and cultural characteristics of the study population and utilization of PHC services.
This was a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire-based survey was used for data collection. Totally, 2400 individuals have been selected in 6 different districts and the centre of Erbil through the multi-cluster random sampling method. The χ
test was used for categorical variables, and a one-way ANOVA was used for numerical variables. A
value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The main reason for utilizing PHC centres was preventive purpose (68.1%), then poverty was the second reason (11.33%), and the participants reported that during the presence of urgent cases when they cannot use other health facilities, they use PHC centres (9%). In terms of barriers for utilizing and visiting PHC centres, the participated people stated that most of them, due to inadequate services, did not use and visit PHC centres (83.21%); the second reason was the presence of chronic diseases such as hypertension, which makes them visit private clinics (7.79%) and generally, (31.4%) of the participants were satisfied with the health services nearby.
In conclusion, it appears that many people visit PHC facilities, but most of them only do so as a preventative measure, and very few go there to obtain basic medical treatment. Most patients go to private clinics and/or hospitals since those facilities have better access to specialists, better quality and quantity of medications, and laboratory testing. Additionally, combining and strengthening service quality aspects that prioritize a patient-centred environment and an effective service delivery system is a key strategy for the health sector to increase patient satisfaction.</description><subject>Original Research</subject><issn>2049-0801</issn><issn>2049-0801</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpdkd9OHSEQxklTU436Bk3DZS-6FpZdFnrTqOkfo40XttdkDjucQ7MHFFgT-xZ946IezbFzwwS-7zdMPkLecnbEmR4-_rjSR2y7dD-8Inst63TDFOOvt_pdcpjz76rhrBdSqjdkVwxdO3DV7ZG_J5CSx5QphJE6sH7yBUqsFz64acZgfVhSsBZzpiU-yOZSVX-g-BhodPQ6-TWkO7pCmMrKQkKaMd36aqkQej6n0ecCoUm4rJYP9CzBzScK1KaYc5PR3pNgornM490B2XEwZTzcnPvk19cvP0-_NxeX385Ojy8aK4QujewYdGxgom81Ktdy55RcDBIBbW_lqHo1CrdgFqV0GoVAHMVCONVz7RgqsU8-P3Kv58UaR4uhJJjMZhkTwZuXL8GvzDLeGs5EqwbOK-H9hpDizYy5mLXPFqcJAsY5m1YJ3fZcSV2l3aP0YeWE7nkOZ-Y-UVMTNf8nWm3vtv_4bHrKT_wDY3ygZQ</recordid><startdate>20230701</startdate><enddate>20230701</enddate><creator>Mahmood, Kochr Ali</creator><creator>Saleh, Abubakir Majeed</creator><general>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230701</creationdate><title>Barriers and facilitators influencing access to and utilization of primary healthcare services in Kurdistan-region, Iraq: a cross-sectional study</title><author>Mahmood, Kochr Ali ; Saleh, Abubakir Majeed</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c339t-640a40703529e8f21ff86b76eaec5c6d858d3fb0ce66f9e33eed3b3f8519f0e83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Original Research</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mahmood, Kochr Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saleh, Abubakir Majeed</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Annals of medicine and surgery</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mahmood, Kochr Ali</au><au>Saleh, Abubakir Majeed</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Barriers and facilitators influencing access to and utilization of primary healthcare services in Kurdistan-region, Iraq: a cross-sectional study</atitle><jtitle>Annals of medicine and surgery</jtitle><addtitle>Ann Med Surg (Lond)</addtitle><date>2023-07-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>85</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>3409</spage><epage>3417</epage><pages>3409-3417</pages><issn>2049-0801</issn><eissn>2049-0801</eissn><abstract>The primary healthcare (PHC) idea is intended to become the first line of interaction for members of the public with care needs, as well as a system that views health as a complete state of being rather than only a state of wellbeing. This study aimed to examine the barriers and facilitators influencing the access and utilization of PHC services in Erbil governorate, Kurdistan-region, Iraq, through assessing populations' practice, and satisfaction. Also, explore the relationship between the socioeconomic, demographic, and cultural characteristics of the study population and utilization of PHC services.
This was a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire-based survey was used for data collection. Totally, 2400 individuals have been selected in 6 different districts and the centre of Erbil through the multi-cluster random sampling method. The χ
test was used for categorical variables, and a one-way ANOVA was used for numerical variables. A
value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The main reason for utilizing PHC centres was preventive purpose (68.1%), then poverty was the second reason (11.33%), and the participants reported that during the presence of urgent cases when they cannot use other health facilities, they use PHC centres (9%). In terms of barriers for utilizing and visiting PHC centres, the participated people stated that most of them, due to inadequate services, did not use and visit PHC centres (83.21%); the second reason was the presence of chronic diseases such as hypertension, which makes them visit private clinics (7.79%) and generally, (31.4%) of the participants were satisfied with the health services nearby.
In conclusion, it appears that many people visit PHC facilities, but most of them only do so as a preventative measure, and very few go there to obtain basic medical treatment. Most patients go to private clinics and/or hospitals since those facilities have better access to specialists, better quality and quantity of medications, and laboratory testing. Additionally, combining and strengthening service quality aspects that prioritize a patient-centred environment and an effective service delivery system is a key strategy for the health sector to increase patient satisfaction.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</pub><pmid>37427184</pmid><doi>10.1097/MS9.0000000000000957</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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title | Barriers and facilitators influencing access to and utilization of primary healthcare services in Kurdistan-region, Iraq: a cross-sectional study |
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