3D printability and biochemical analysis of revalorized orange peel waste

Orange peels are often discarded as food waste despite being a nutritious source of vitamins and antioxidants. These orange peel wastes (OPW) are produced in millions of tons globally every year; discarding them results in detrimental environmental and economical impacts. This paper discusses the ap...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of bioprinting 2023-01, Vol.9 (5), p.776-776
Main Authors: Tan, Jian Da, Lee, Cheng Pau, Foo, Su Yi, Tan, Joseph Choon Wee, Tan, Sakeena Si Yu, Ong, Eng Shi, Leo, Chen Huei, Hashimoto, Michinao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3-D printers
Antioxidants
Biochemical analysis
Bioflavonoids
Cell viability
Cytotoxicity
Endothelium
Food chains
Food consumption
Food waste
Inks
Microvasculature
Printing
Rheological properties
Storage modulus
Three dimensional printing
Toxicity
Vitamins
Yield stress
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Summary:Orange peels are often discarded as food waste despite being a nutritious source of vitamins and antioxidants. These orange peel wastes (OPW) are produced in millions of tons globally every year; discarding them results in detrimental environmental and economical impacts. This paper discusses the application of 3D printing technology to effectively upcycle the OPW into edible, healthy snacks for consumption. We aimed to develop a method to enable OPW to formulate 3D-printable inks for direct ink writing (DIW). Using DIW 3D printing, we successfully created edible constructs of rheologically modified inks containing OPW. The formulated ink possessed an initial viscosity of 22.5 kPa.s, a yield stress of 377 Pa, and a storage modulus of 44.24 kPa. To validate the method, we conducted a biochemical analysis of the OPW at each stage of the fabrication process. This study suggested that our ink formulation and 3D printing process did not affect the content of bioflavonoids and antioxidants of the OPW. The cell viability test using human dermal microvascular endothelium (HMEC-1) suggested that the OPW did not exhibit cytotoxicity throughout the entire process of the ink manipulation. Overall, this study has highlighted a potential scenario to revalorize food waste into the food value chain using 3D printing toward more sustainable and circular food manufacturing and consumption.
ISSN:2424-7723
2424-8002
DOI:10.18063/ijb.776