Congenital Cytomegalovirus and Hearing Loss: The State of the Art

In developed countries, congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most common congenital viral infection, representing the leading non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss (HL). Diagnosis of cCMV infection can be performed by detection of CMV DNA in urine or saliva within 2-3 weeks a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of clinical medicine 2023-07, Vol.12 (13), p.4465
Main Authors: Aldè, Mirko, Binda, Sandro, Primache, Valeria, Pellegrinelli, Laura, Pariani, Elena, Pregliasco, Fabrizio, Di Berardino, Federica, Cantarella, Giovanna, Ambrosetti, Umberto
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Asymptomatic
Care and treatment
Causes of
Clinical medicine
Complications and side effects
Congenital diseases
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus infections
Diagnosis
Families & family life
Genetic disorders
Gestational age
Hearing disorders in children
Hearing loss
Herpes viruses
Infections
Pediatric research
Perinatal infection
Pregnancy
Prenatal education
Prevention
Review
Serology
Viral infections
Womens health
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Summary:In developed countries, congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is the most common congenital viral infection, representing the leading non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss (HL). Diagnosis of cCMV infection can be performed by detection of CMV DNA in urine or saliva within 2-3 weeks after birth, or later in dried blood samples on the Guthrie card. Currently, there are many controversies regarding the preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches to cCMV infection. HL secondary to cCMV is highly variable in onset, side, degree, audiometric configuration, and threshold changes over time. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to perform a long and thorough audiological follow-up in children with cCMV infection to ensure early identification and prompt treatment of progressive and/or late-onset HL. Early cochlear implantation appears to be a valid solution not only for children with bilateral profound HL, but also for those with single-sided deafness, improving localization ability and understanding speech in noisy environments. Moreover, the decision to apply a unilateral cochlear implant in children with cCMV is strengthened by the non-negligible possibility of hearing deterioration of the contralateral ear over time.
ISSN:2077-0383
2077-0383
DOI:10.3390/jcm12134465