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Health risk assessment of lake water contaminated with microcystins for fruit crop irrigation and farm animal drinking

The health risks linked to the consumption of microcystin-accumulating crops have been increasing worldwide in toxic cyanobloom-occurring regions. The bioaccumulation of microcystins (MCs) in agricultural produce at environmentally realistic concentrations is poorly investigated. In this field study...

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Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2023-07, Vol.30 (33), p.80234-80244
Main Authors: Redouane, El Mahdi, Tazart, Zakaria, Lahrouni, Majida, Mugani, Richard, Elgadi, Sara, Zine, Hamza, Zerrifi, Soukaina El Amrani, Haida, Mohammed, Martins, José Carlos, Campos, Alexandre, Oufdou, Khalid, Vasconcelos, Vitor, Oudra, Brahim
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creator Redouane, El Mahdi
Tazart, Zakaria
Lahrouni, Majida
Mugani, Richard
Elgadi, Sara
Zine, Hamza
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Martins, José Carlos
Campos, Alexandre
Oufdou, Khalid
Vasconcelos, Vitor
Oudra, Brahim
description The health risks linked to the consumption of microcystin-accumulating crops have been increasing worldwide in toxic cyanobloom-occurring regions. The bioaccumulation of microcystins (MCs) in agricultural produce at environmentally realistic concentrations is poorly investigated. In this field study, we assessed the health risks of MCs in raw water used for irrigating fruit crops (bioaccumulation) and watering farm animals in the Lalla Takerkoust agricultural region (Marrakesh, Morocco). Thus, MCs were extracted from water and fruit samples and quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in order to calculate the health risk indicators. MCs posed a high health-risk level to poultry and horses, with estimated daily intakes (EDI) being 14- and 19-fold higher than the recommended limits (3.1 and 2.3 μg MC-LR L −1 ), respectively. Furthermore, pomegranate posed the same level of risk, with EDI being 22- and 53-fold higher than the limit dose (0.04 μg MC-LR kg −1 ) for adults and children, respectively. There was an urgent need for guidelines regarding water use and management in MC-polluted areas, besides the setup of nature-based tools for toxin removal from raw water used in farming practices. Moreover, MCs could contaminate the human food chain, which implies further investigations of their potential accumulation in livestock- and poultry-based food.
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subjects Agricultural Irrigation
Agricultural practices
Animals
Animals, Domestic
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Bioaccumulation
Child
Crops
Crops, Agricultural
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental science
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Farms
Food chains
Food contamination
Fruit
Fruit crops
Fruits
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Horses
Humans
Lakes
Livestock
Microcystins
Microcystins - toxicity
Poultry
Raw water
Research Article
Risk Assessment
Risk levels
Toxins
Waste Water Technology
Water
Water Management
Water pollution
Water Pollution Control
Water use
title Health risk assessment of lake water contaminated with microcystins for fruit crop irrigation and farm animal drinking
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