Genetic Characterization of Advance Bread Wheat Lines for Yield and Stripe Rust Resistance

• Published in: ACS omega 2023-07, Vol.8 (29), p.25988-25998
• Main Authors: Din, Israr Ud, Khan, Salman, Khan, Fahim Ullah, Khan, Majid, Khan, Muhammad Nauman, Hafeez, Aqsa, Wahab, Sana, Wahid, Nazima, Ali, Baber, Qasim, Umair Bin, Manan, Fazal, Alwahibi, Mona S, Elshikh, Mohamed S, Ercisli, Sezai, Khalifa, Ebaa Mohamed Ali
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2470-1343; 2470-1343
• DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01981

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a prominent grain crop. The goal of the current experiment was to examine the genetic potential of advanced bread wheat genotypes for yield and stripe rust resistance. Ninety-three bread wheat genotypes including three varieties (Kohat-2017, Pakistan-2013, and Morocco) were field tested in augmented design as observational nurseries at three locations (i.e., Kohat, Nowshera, and Peshawar) during the 2018−19 crop season. Various parameters related to yield and stripe rust resistance showed significant differences among genotypes for most of the characters with few exceptions. The analysis of variance revealed significant variations for all the genotypes for all the traits at all three sites with few exceptions where nonsignificant differences were noticed among genotypes. Averaged over three locations, genotypes exhibiting maximum desirable values for yield and yield components were KT-86 (325 tillers) for tillers m–2, KT-50 (2.86 g) for grain weight spike–1, KT-49 (41.6 g) for 1000-grain weight, KT-50 (74 grains) for grains spikes–1, KT-55 (4.76 g) for spike weight, and KT-36 and KT-072 (4586 kg ha–1) for grain yield. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield had a significant positive correlation with grain spike–1 and grain weight spike–1 at Kohat, with grains spike–1, tillers m–2, and grain weight spike–1 at Nowshera, and with plant height, spike weight, 1000-grain weight, and tillers m–2 at Peshawar. Molecular marker data and host response in the field at the adult stage revealed that Yr15 and Yr10 are both still effective in providing adequate resistance to wheat against prevalent races of stripe rust. Four lines showing desirable lower average coefficient of infection (ACI) values without carrying Yr15 and Yr10 genes show the presence of unique/new resistance gene(s) in the genetic composition of these four lines. Genotype KT-072 (4586 kg ha–1 and 1.3 ACI), KT-07 (4416 kg ha–1 and 4.3 ACI), KT-10 (4346 kg ha–1 and 1.0 ACI), and KT-62 (4338 kg ha–1 and 2.7 ACI) showed maximum values for grain yield and low desirable ACI values, and these lines could be recommended for general cultivation after procedural requirements of variety release.