Endothelial dysfunction as a factor leading to arterial hypertension

Hypertension remains the main cause of cardiovascular complications leading to increased mortality. The discoveries of recent years underline the important role of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in initiating the development of arterial hypertension. The endothelium lines the interior of the entire va...

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Published in:Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, West) West), 2023-09, Vol.38 (9), p.2973-2985
Main Authors: Drozdz, Dorota, Drozdz, Monika, Wójcik, Malgorzata
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anti-inflammatory agents
Apoptosis
Bioavailability
Child
Children
Development and progression
Diseases
Educational Review
Endothelium
Endothelium, Vascular - pathology
Health aspects
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - drug therapy
Hypertension in children
Inflammation
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Nephrology
Nitric oxide
Nitric Oxide - metabolism
Oxidative Stress
Pediatrics
Risk factors
Structure-function relationships
Urology
Vascular system
What’s new in Hypertension
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Summary:Hypertension remains the main cause of cardiovascular complications leading to increased mortality. The discoveries of recent years underline the important role of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in initiating the development of arterial hypertension. The endothelium lines the interior of the entire vascular system in the body and acts as a physical barrier between blood and tissues. Substances and mediators produced by the endothelium exhibit antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Oxidative stress and inflammation are conditions that damage the endothelium and shift endothelial function from vasoprotective to vasoconstrictive, prothrombotic, and pro-apoptotic functions. A dysfunctional endothelium contributes to the development of hypertension and further cardiovascular complications. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of ED-associated hypertension. New technologies provide tools to identify pathological changes in the structure and function of the endothelium. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to the development of arterial hypertension and should be considered in therapeutic strategies for children with hypertension.
ISSN:0931-041X
1432-198X
1432-198X
DOI:10.1007/s00467-022-05802-z