A consolidated working classification of gastric cancer for histopathologists (Review)

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a disease with poor prognosis despite increasing availability of more effective targeted treatment. This may be in part due to the difficulty in selecting patients for appropriate treatment. Conventional taxonomic classifications of GC are ill-suited to make full use of r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedical reports 2023-09, Vol.19 (3), p.1-58, Article 58
Main Authors: Costache, Simona, Sajin, Maria, Wedden, Sarah, D'Arrigo, Corrado
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Availability
Biomarkers
Cancer
Cell adhesion & migration
Classification
Diagnosis
Diagnostic systems
Disease
DNA methylation
E-cadherin
Epstein-Barr virus
Gastric cancer
Genes
Genomes
Genomics
Hybridization
Immunohistochemistry
Immunotherapy
Kinases
Medical research
Mismatch repair
Morphology
Mutation
Paraffin
Prognosis
Review
Stomach cancer
Tumor proteins
Tumors
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Summary:Gastric cancer (GC) remains a disease with poor prognosis despite increasing availability of more effective targeted treatment. This may be in part due to the difficulty in selecting patients for appropriate treatment. Conventional taxonomic classifications of GC are ill-suited to make full use of recent advances in personalised therapy. In the past decade a number of molecular classifications have been proposed to address this; however, to date, there has been little implementation in the diagnostic routine. The lack of harmonisation between these classifications, the complexity and unavailability of some of the tests required plus the demands on time and resources, all contribute to poor uptake in the diagnostic routine. In the present study, these classifications were reviewed and an inclusive working classification that includes their main points, focuses on prognosis and treatment options and can be delivered using four on-slide tests (in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr encoding region and immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair, E-cadherin and p53) is proposed. These tests can be performed on paraffin-embedded tissue and could be available in the majority of histopathology laboratories. The proposed classification also includes reflex testing for specific biomarkers relevant to treatment selection.
ISSN:2049-9434
2049-9442
DOI:10.3892/br.2023.1640