Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association With Cardiovascular Diseases Among Patients Attending a Private Tertiary Sector Cardiovascular Heart Clinic in Nairobi

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common condition that affects approximately 30-50% of the worldwide population. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases and is considered a cardiovascular risk factor globally. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2023-08, Vol.15 (8), p.e43012-e43012
Main Authors: Gachemba, Yubrine M, Khan, Zahid, Njau, Elijan, Wanyoike, Martin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antihypertensives
Cardiology
Cardiovascular disease
Cross-sectional studies
Diabetes
Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism
Gender
Heart
Hospitals
Mortality
Patients
Preventive Medicine
Risk factors
Smooth muscle
Variance analysis
Vein & artery diseases
Vitamin D
Vitamin deficiency
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Summary:Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common condition that affects approximately 30-50% of the worldwide population. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases and is considered a cardiovascular risk factor globally. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that aimed to identify the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associations with the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile of patients presenting for cardiac evaluation at Primecare Heart Clinic, a private heart clinic in Nairobi, Kenya, between January 1, 2020 and January 31, 2022.Results: Females with vitamin D deficiency composed 58.87% of the study participants. The average 10-year Framingham CVD risk level of the vitamin D-deficient participants was 7.09%. Participants with vitamin D deficiency that were older and had low serum high-density lipoprotein C (HDL-C) levels and high systolic blood pressure (BP) had a higher risk of CVDs. Male participants were at five times higher risk of CVDs. Vitamin D-deficient patients who were older and had a low HDL cholesterol level and high systolic BP are at a high risk of CVDs. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test value was 345.6992, and the p-value was 0.002884.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that a low level of vitamin D was associated with a higher Framingham cardiovascular risk score and cardiovascular risk in patients. Nonetheless, this is a retrospective study, which is a major limitation of this study.
ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.43012