Prenatal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging and therapeutic options for fetal thoracic anomalies: a pictorial essay

Congenital thoracic anomalies are uncommon malformations that require a precise diagnosis to guide parental counseling and possible prenatal treatment. Prenatal ultrasound (US) is the gold standard imaging modality to first detect and characterize these abnormalities and the best modality for follow...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatric radiology 2023-09, Vol.53 (10), p.2106-2119
Main Authors: Caro-Domínguez, Pablo, Victoria, Teresa, Ciet, Pierluigi, de la Torre, Estrella, Toscano, Ángel Chimenea, Diaz, Lutgardo García, Sainz-Bueno, José Antonio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abnormalities
Anomalies
Congenital defects
Diagnosis
Fetuses
Foregut
Hernia
Imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical imaging
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Morbidity
Neuroradiology
Nuclear Medicine
Occlusion
Oncology
Pediatrics
Pictorial
Pictorial Essay
Prognosis
Radiology
Steroid hormones
Thorax
Ultrasonic imaging
Ultrasound
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Summary:Congenital thoracic anomalies are uncommon malformations that require a precise diagnosis to guide parental counseling and possible prenatal treatment. Prenatal ultrasound (US) is the gold standard imaging modality to first detect and characterize these abnormalities and the best modality for follow-up. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a complementary tool that provides multiplanar assessment and tissue characterization and can help estimate prognosis. Prenatal treatment is increasingly being used in fetuses with signs of distress and to potentially decrease morbidity and mortality. In this essay, the authors illustrate side-by-side US, MRI and therapeutic options for congenital thoracic anomalies in cases that presented to a tertiary pediatric hospital during the 7-year period 2014–2021. Entities included are congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital pulmonary airway malformation, bronchopulmonary sequestration, hybrid lesions, foregut duplications cysts and congenital lobar overinflation. Treatment options include maternal steroids, thoraco-amniotic shunt and fetal endotracheal occlusion. Recognition of typical findings in congenital thoracic anomalies is helpful to establish diagnosis, predict prognosis and plan perinatal treatment. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:1432-1998
0301-0449
1432-1998
DOI:10.1007/s00247-023-05681-y