Causes and Management of Halitosis: A Narrative Review

Halitosis is defined as the presence of an unpleasant odor in exhaled air, regardless of its cause. In most patients with halitosis, the condition causes embarrassment and interferes with social interactions and daily life. Furthermore, bad breath can be a sign of an underlying disease. Understandin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2023-08, Vol.15 (8), p.e43742-e43742
Main Authors: Khounganian, Rita M, Alasmari, Osama N, Aldosari, Mohammed M, Alghanemi, Nawaf M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Clinical trials
Dentistry
Disease prevention
Fluorides
Gases
Halitosis
Medical diagnosis
Mouth
Odors
Oral hygiene
Oral Medicine
Patients
Quality of life
Smoking
Systematic review
Tongue
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Summary:Halitosis is defined as the presence of an unpleasant odor in exhaled air, regardless of its cause. In most patients with halitosis, the condition causes embarrassment and interferes with social interactions and daily life. Furthermore, bad breath can be a sign of an underlying disease. Understanding the factors and causes that lead to halitosis and its manifestations could facilitate proper management of this condition. To properly diagnose and treat patients, healthcare professionals, including primary care physicians and dental professionals, must be familiar with the etiology and appropriate management of the disease. Consequently, this review aims to provide practitioners with up-to-date information on the etiological factors of halitosis to facilitate the establishment of preventive measures and provide accurate diagnosis and management.
ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.43742