The effect of trunk and shank position on the hip-to-knee moment ratio in a bilateral squat

The effect of knee position on joint moments during squats has been studied; however, the effect of trunk angle has been less well investigated. This study evaluated the effect of both trunk and knee sagittal plane position on the distribution of moments between the hip and knee extensors during the...

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Published in:Physical therapy in sport 2023-05, Vol.61, p.102-107
Main Authors: Graber, Kerri A., Halverstadt, Anne L., Gill, Simone V., Kulkarni, Varsha S., Lewis, Cara L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomechanical Phenomena
Biomechanics
Cohort Studies
Hip Joint
Humans
Joint moments
Kinematics
Kinetics
Knee
Knee Joint
Leg
Lower Extremity
Pain
Physical therapy
Shank angle
Sports medicine
Trunk angle
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creator Graber, Kerri A.
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description The effect of knee position on joint moments during squats has been studied; however, the effect of trunk angle has been less well investigated. This study evaluated the effect of both trunk and knee sagittal plane position on the distribution of moments between the hip and knee extensors during the bilateral squat. Observational study. Biomechanics laboratory. One hundred individuals performed bilateral squats. Motion and force data were collected using motion capture and force plates. Trunk and shank angles and hip and knee moments were calculated. A linear regression was used to associate the ratio between the hip and knee moments (hip-to-knee moment ratio) with the sagittal plane trunk and shank angles, while accounting for six squat depths (between 60° and 110° of knee flexion) and side. Trunk angle and shank angle each contributed to the hip-to-knee moment ratio (P 
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.03.005
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This study evaluated the effect of both trunk and knee sagittal plane position on the distribution of moments between the hip and knee extensors during the bilateral squat. Observational study. Biomechanics laboratory. One hundred individuals performed bilateral squats. Motion and force data were collected using motion capture and force plates. Trunk and shank angles and hip and knee moments were calculated. A linear regression was used to associate the ratio between the hip and knee moments (hip-to-knee moment ratio) with the sagittal plane trunk and shank angles, while accounting for six squat depths (between 60° and 110° of knee flexion) and side. Trunk angle and shank angle each contributed to the hip-to-knee moment ratio (P &lt; .001) with trunk accounting for a higher proportion of variance than the other variables. The hip-to-knee moment ratio increased with increasing trunk angle and with decreasing shank angle. This large cohort study supports the use of trunk position to instruct squat technique with the goal of modifying hip and knee moments. •The bilateral squat is commonly used for rehabilitation and strengthening.•Trunk and shank angle each contribute to the hip-to-knee moment ratio.•Trunk position demonstrates a larger influence on the hip-to-knee moment ratio.•Trunk position may be used to instruct squat technique to modify hip and knee moments.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1466-853X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-1600</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.03.005</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37001335</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biomechanics ; Cohort Studies ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Joint moments ; Kinematics ; Kinetics ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Leg ; Lower Extremity ; Pain ; Physical therapy ; Shank angle ; Sports medicine ; Trunk angle</subject><ispartof>Physical therapy in sport, 2023-05, Vol.61, p.102-107</ispartof><rights>2023 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. 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source ScienceDirect Freedom Collection
subjects Biomechanical Phenomena
Biomechanics
Cohort Studies
Hip Joint
Humans
Joint moments
Kinematics
Kinetics
Knee
Knee Joint
Leg
Lower Extremity
Pain
Physical therapy
Shank angle
Sports medicine
Trunk angle
title The effect of trunk and shank position on the hip-to-knee moment ratio in a bilateral squat
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