Whole-Brain Deactivations Precede Uninduced Mind-Blanking Reports

• Published in: The Journal of neuroscience 2023-10, Vol.43 (40), p.6807-6815
• Main Authors: Boulakis, Paradeisios Alexandros, Mortaheb, Sepehr, van Calster, Laurens, Majerus, Steve, Demertzi, Athena
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: angular gyrus; anterior cingulate cortex; Bayes Theorem; Bayesian analysis; Blanking; Brain; Brain - diagnostic imaging; Brain - physiology; Brain Mapping; Consciousness - physiology; Deactivation; Female; fMRI experience-sampling; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; mental content; mind-blanking; Neurosciences & behavior; Neurosciences & comportement; Parietal Lobe - physiology; Phenomenology; Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie; Social & behavioral sciences, psychology; spontaneous thinking; Teleology; Thalamus
• ISSN: 0270-6474; 1529-2401; 1529-2401
• DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0696-23.2023

Mind-blanking (MB) is termed as the inability to report our immediate-past mental content. In contrast to mental states with reportable content, such as mind-wandering or sensory perceptions, the neural correlates of MB started getting elucidated only recently. A notable particularity that pertains to MB studies is the way MB is instructed for reporting, like by deliberately asking participants to "empty their minds." Such instructions were shown to induce fMRI activations in frontal brain regions, typically associated with metacognition and self-evaluative processes, suggesting that MB may be a result of intentional mental content suppression. Here, we aim at examining this hypothesis by determining the neural correlates of MB without induction. Using fMRI combined with experience-sampling in 31 participants (22 female), univariate analysis of MB reports revealed deactivations in occipital, frontal, parietal, and thalamic areas, but no activations in prefrontal regions. These findings were confirmed using Bayesian region-of-interest analysis on areas previously shown to be implicated in induced MB, where we report evidence for frontal deactivations during MB reports compared with other mental states. Contrast analysis between reports of MB and content-oriented mental states also revealed deactivations in the left angular gyrus. We propose that these effects characterize a neuronal profile of MB, where key thalamocortical nodes are unable to communicate and formulate reportable content. Collectively, we show that study instructions for MB lead to differential neural activation. These results provide mechanistic insights linked to the phenomenology of MB and point to the possibility of MB being expressed in different forms. This study explores how brain activity changes when individuals report unidentifiable thoughts, a phenomenon known as mind-blanking (MB). It aims to detect changes in brain activations and deactivations when MB is reported spontaneously, as opposed to the neural responses that have been previously reported when MB is induced. By means of brain imaging and experience-sampling, the study points to reduced brain activity in a wide number of regions, including those mesio-frontally which were previously detected as activated during induced MB. These results enhance our understanding of the complexity of spontaneous thinking and contribute to broader discussions on consciousness and reportable experience.