Linking Diabetes to Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Roles of Glucose Metabolism and Alpha-Glucosidase

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are more prevalent with ageing and cause a substantial global socio-economic burden. The biology of these two conditions is well elaborated, but whether AD and type 2 DM arise from coincidental roots in ageing or are linked by pathophysiolog...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current neuropharmacology 2023-01, Vol.21 (10), p.2036-2048
Main Authors: Wee, Ai Sze, Nhu, Thao Dinh, Khaw, Kooi Yeong, Tang, Kim San, Yeong, Keng Yoon
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
alpha-Glucosidases - metabolism
Alzheimer Disease - etiology
Alzheimer Disease - metabolism
Amyloid beta-Peptides - metabolism
Animals
Brain - metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Glucose - metabolism
Hyperglycemia - complications
Hyperglycemia - metabolism
Medicine, Neurology, Pharmacology, Neuroscience
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Summary:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are more prevalent with ageing and cause a substantial global socio-economic burden. The biology of these two conditions is well elaborated, but whether AD and type 2 DM arise from coincidental roots in ageing or are linked by pathophysiological mechanisms remains unclear. Research findings involving animal models have identified mechanisms shared by both AD and type 2 DM. Deposition of β;-amyloid peptides and formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are pathological hallmarks of AD. Type 2 DM, on the other hand, is a metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. Several studies show that improving type 2 DM can delay or prevent the development of AD, and hence, prevention and control of type 2 DM may reduce the risk of AD later in life. Alpha-glucosidase is an enzyme that is commonly associated with hyperglycaemia in type 2 DM. However, it is uncertain if this enzyme may play a role in the progression of AD. This review explores the experimental evidence that depicts the relationship between dysregulation of glucose metabolism and AD. We also delineate the links between alpha-glucosidase and AD and the potential role of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in treating AD.
ISSN:1570-159X
1875-6190
DOI:10.2174/1570159X21999221111102343