Endoplasmic Reticulum Exit Sites scale with somato-dendritic size in neurons

• Published in: Molecular biology of the cell 2023-10, Vol.34 (11), p.mbcE23030090-ar106
• Main Authors: Land, Ruben, Fetter, Richard, Liang, Xing, Tzeng, Christopher P, Taylor, Caitlin A, Shen, Kang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Dendrites; Endoplasmic reticulum; Neurons; Physiological aspects; Somatic cells; Special Issue on Cell Biology of the Nervous System
• ISSN: 1059-1524; 1939-4586
• DOI: 10.1091/mbc.E23-03-0090

Nervous systems exhibit dramatic diversity in cell morphology and size. How neurons regulate their biosynthetic and secretory machinery to support such diversity is not well understood. Endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERESs) are essential for maintaining secretory flux, and are required for normal dendrite development, but how neurons of different size regulate secretory capacity remains unknown. In , we find that the ERES number is strongly correlated with the size of a neuron's dendritic arbor. The elaborately branched sensory neuron, PVD, has especially high ERES numbers. Asymmetric cell division provides PVD with a large initial cell size critical for rapid establishment of PVD's high ERES number before neurite outgrowth, and these ERESs are maintained throughout development. Maintenance of ERES number requires the cell fate transcription factor MEC-3, TOR ( ), and nutrient availability, with and mutant PVDs both displaying reductions in ERES number, soma size, and dendrite size. Notably, mutant animals exhibit reduced expression of a reporter in PVD, and starvation reduces ERES number and somato-dendritic size in a manner genetically redundant with perturbation. Our data suggest that both asymmetric cell division and nutrient sensing pathways regulate secretory capacities to support elaborate dendritic arbors.