Nicotine, alcohol, and caffeine use among individuals with untreated obstructive sleep apnea

Background Psychoactive substance use (i.e., nicotine, alcohol, and caffeine) has substantial effects on sleep architecture in healthy individuals, but their effects in those with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have not been well described. We aimed to describe the association between psychoactive su...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sleep & breathing 2023-12, Vol.27 (6), p.2479-2490
Main Authors: Baldassarri, Stephen R., Chu, Jen-hwa, Deng, Annan, Xu, Zhichao, Blohowiak, Reagan F., Byrne, Sean, Kushida, Clete, Yaggi, H. Klar, Zinchuk, Andrey
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Alcohol
Apnea
Caffeine
Caffeine - adverse effects
Chronic pain
Cigarette smoking
Cross-Sectional Studies
Daytime
Dentistry
Drug use
Ethanol
Female
Humans
Internal Medicine
Latency
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Middle Aged
Neurology
Nicotine
Otorhinolaryngology
Pediatrics
Pneumology/Respiratory System
Psychiatrics • Original Article
Psychotropic drugs
REM sleep
Sleep and wakefulness
Sleep apnea
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
Sleep disorders
Substance use
Substance-Related Disorders
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Summary:Background Psychoactive substance use (i.e., nicotine, alcohol, and caffeine) has substantial effects on sleep architecture in healthy individuals, but their effects in those with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have not been well described. We aimed to describe the association between psychoactive substance use and sleep characteristics and daytime symptoms in individuals with untreated OSA. Methods We performed a secondary, cross-sectional analysis of The Apnea Positive Pressure Long-term Efficacy Study (APPLES). Exposures included current smoking, alcohol and caffeine use in individuals with untreated OSA. Outcome domains included subjective and objective sleep characteristics, daytime symptoms, and comorbid conditions. Linear or logistic regression assessed the association between substance use and each domain (e.g., self-reported sleep duration, total polysomnographic sleep time, sleepiness, and anxiety). Results Of the 919 individuals with untreated OSA, 116 (12.6%) were current cigarette smokers, 585 (63.7%) were moderate or heavy alcohol users, and 769 (83.7%) were moderate or heavy caffeine users. Participants were on average 52.2±11.9 years old, 65.2% were male with a median BMI of 30.6 (IQR: 27.2, 35.9, kg/m 2 ). Current smokers exhibited lower sleep duration (0.3 h), longer sleep latency (5 min) compared with non-smokers (all p -values 
ISSN:1520-9512
1522-1709
1522-1709
DOI:10.1007/s11325-023-02830-3