New Dawn for Atherosclerosis: Vascular Endothelial Cell Senescence and Death

Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner linings of blood vessels, and are directly exposed to endogenous hazard signals and metabolites in the circulatory system. The senescence and death of ECs are not only adverse outcomes, but also causal contributors to endothelial dysfunction, an early risk mark...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2023-10, Vol.24 (20), p.15160
Main Authors: Bu, Lan-Lan, Yuan, Huan-Huan, Xie, Ling-Li, Guo, Min-Hua, Liao, Duan-Fang, Zheng, Xi-Long
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adhesion
Adhesives
Aging
Apoptosis
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis - metabolism
B cells
Biomechanics
Cardiovascular disease
Cell cycle
Cellular Senescence - physiology
Collagen
Development and progression
Endothelial Cells - metabolism
Endothelium
Fibroblasts
Genotype & phenotype
Humans
Hypertension
Inflammation
Kinases
Leukocytes
Metabolism
Metabolites
Morphology
Oxidative Stress
Pathogenesis
Review
Sapropterin dihydrochloride
Senescence
Signal Transduction
Spectrum analysis
Veins & arteries
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Summary:Endothelial cells (ECs) form the inner linings of blood vessels, and are directly exposed to endogenous hazard signals and metabolites in the circulatory system. The senescence and death of ECs are not only adverse outcomes, but also causal contributors to endothelial dysfunction, an early risk marker of atherosclerosis. The pathophysiological process of EC senescence involves both structural and functional changes and has been linked to various factors, including oxidative stress, dysregulated cell cycle, hyperuricemia, vascular inflammation, and aberrant metabolite sensing and signaling. Multiple forms of EC death have been documented in atherosclerosis, including autophagic cell death, apoptosis, pyroptosis, NETosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms underlying EC senescence or death in atherogenesis are not fully understood. To provide a comprehensive update on the subject, this review examines the historic and latest findings on the molecular mechanisms and functional alterations associated with EC senescence and death in different stages of atherosclerosis.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms242015160