Neuroendocrine mechanism of gastric acid secretion: Historical perspectives and recent developments in physiology and pharmacology

The physiology of gastric acid secretion is one of the earliest subjects in medical literature and has been continuously studied since 1833. Starting with the notion that neural stimulation alone drives acid secretion, progress in understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of this process has...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of neuroendocrinology 2023-11, Vol.35 (11), p.e13305-e13305
Main Authors: Chen, Duan, Hagen, Susan J, Boyce, Malcolm, Zhao, Chun-Mei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acidity
Acids
Animals
Drug development
Gastric Acid
Gastric juice
Gastrin
Gastrins
Gene targeting
Humans
Intestinal microflora
Mice
Microbiomes
Parietal cells
Parietal Cells, Gastric
Pathophysiology
Physiology
Proton pump inhibitors
Proton Pump Inhibitors - pharmacology
Protons
Receptor, Cholecystokinin B
Secretion
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Summary:The physiology of gastric acid secretion is one of the earliest subjects in medical literature and has been continuously studied since 1833. Starting with the notion that neural stimulation alone drives acid secretion, progress in understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of this process has led to the development of therapeutic strategies for patients with acid-related diseases. For instance, understanding the physiology of parietal cells led to the developments of histamine 2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and recently, potassium-competitive acid blockers. Furthermore, understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of gastrin has led to the development of gastrin/CCK receptor (CCK R) antagonists. The need for refinement of existing drugs in patients have led to second and third generation drugs with better efficacy at blocking acid secretion. Further understanding of the mechanism of acid secretion by gene targeting in mice has enabled us to dissect the unique role for each regulator to leverage and justify the development of new targeted therapeutics for acid-related disorders. Further research on the mechanism of stimulation of gastric acid secretion and the physiological significances of gastric acidity in gut microbiome is needed in the future.
ISSN:0953-8194
1365-2826
1365-2826
DOI:10.1111/jne.13305