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Body, carcass, and steak dimensions of straightbred Holstein calves and Angus-sired calves from Holstein, Jersey, and crossbred beef dams
Abstract Beef genetics are used with increasing frequency on commercial dairies. Although use of beef genetics improves calf value, variability has been reported in beef × dairy calf phenotype for traits related to muscularity and carcass composition. The objective of this study was to characterize...
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| Published in: | Journal of animal science 2023-01, Vol.101 |
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| creator | Fuerniss, Luke K Young, James Daniel Hall, Jerica R Wesley, Kaitlyn R Bowman, Sydney M Felizari, Luana D Woerner, Dale R Rathmann, Ryan J Johnson, Bradley J |
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Beef genetics are used with increasing frequency on commercial dairies. Although use of beef genetics improves calf value, variability has been reported in beef × dairy calf phenotype for traits related to muscularity and carcass composition. The objective of this study was to characterize morphometric and compositional differences between beef, beef × dairy, and dairy-fed cattle. Tested treatment groups included Angus-sired straightbred beef steers and heifers (A × B; n = 45), Angus × Holstein crossbreds (A × H; n = 15), Angus × Jersey crossbreds (A × J; n = 16), and straightbred Holsteins (H, n = 16). Cattle were started on trial at mean BW of 302 ± 29.9 kg and then fed at 196 ± 3.4 d. Morphometric measures were recorded every 28 d during the finishing period, ultrasound measures were recorded every 56 d, and morphometric carcass measures were recorded upon slaughter. Muscle biopsies were collected from the longissimus thoracis of a subset of steers (n = 43) every 56 d. Strip loins were collected from carcasses (n = 78) for further evaluation. Frame size measured as hip height, hip width, and body length was greatest for H cattle (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/jas/skad358 |
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Beef genetics are used with increasing frequency on commercial dairies. Although use of beef genetics improves calf value, variability has been reported in beef × dairy calf phenotype for traits related to muscularity and carcass composition. The objective of this study was to characterize morphometric and compositional differences between beef, beef × dairy, and dairy-fed cattle. Tested treatment groups included Angus-sired straightbred beef steers and heifers (A × B; n = 45), Angus × Holstein crossbreds (A × H; n = 15), Angus × Jersey crossbreds (A × J; n = 16), and straightbred Holsteins (H, n = 16). Cattle were started on trial at mean BW of 302 ± 29.9 kg and then fed at 196 ± 3.4 d. Morphometric measures were recorded every 28 d during the finishing period, ultrasound measures were recorded every 56 d, and morphometric carcass measures were recorded upon slaughter. Muscle biopsies were collected from the longissimus thoracis of a subset of steers (n = 43) every 56 d. Strip loins were collected from carcasses (n = 78) for further evaluation. Frame size measured as hip height, hip width, and body length was greatest for H cattle (P < 0.05), and A × H cattle had greater hip height than A × J cattle (P < 0.05). Relative to BW as a percentage of mature size, ribeye area of all cattle increased at a decreasing rate (negative quadratic term: P < 0.01), and all ultrasound measures of fat depots increased at an increasing rate (positive quadratic term: P < 0.01). Although no difference was observed in muscle fiber area across the finishing period from the longissimus thoracis (P = 0.80), H cattle had a more oxidative muscle phenotype than A × B cattle (P < 0.05). Additionally, H cattle had the smallest area of longissimus lumborum in the posterior strip loin, greatest length-to-width ratio of longissimus lumborum in the posterior strip loin, and least round circumference relative to round length (P < 0.05). Beef genetics improved muscularity in portions of the carcass distal to the longissimus thoracis.
Holstein genetics were associated with greater mature size, and variation in morphometric measurements demonstrated that differences in muscularity between beef- and dairy-influenced carcasses were more evident at distal locations than near the last rib.
Lay Summary
Divergent selection of beef and dairy breeds has caused differences in skeletal size and muscularity. When calves from dairy systems enter the beef supply chain, variability in mature size and carcass composition are introduced. The objective of this study was to characterize morphometric differences in cattle populations with different proportions of beef and dairy genetics. Body measurements confirmed differences in mature size of beef-type cattle, dairy-type cattle, and beef × dairy cattle; Holstein influence was associated with greater skeletal growth. With advancing maturity, the rate of muscle accretion decreased quadratically while the rate of fat accretion increased quadratically. Although muscularity across all cattle types was similar in the longissimus near the last rib, differences were observed in the posterior end of the strip loin, the forearm, and the round. Differences in mature size, muscularity, and steak dimensions were observed between beef-type cattle, dairy-type cattle, and beef × dairy cattle.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8812</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1525-3163</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-3163</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad358</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37971679</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Animals ; Area ; Beef ; Biopsy ; Body Composition - genetics ; Body length ; Body measurements ; Body Weight - genetics ; Calves ; Carcasses ; Cattle ; Cattle - genetics ; Dairies ; Female ; Genetics ; Height ; Hip ; Meat ; Muscle Biology ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism ; Muscles ; Phenotypes ; Strip ; Ultrasonic imaging ; Ultrasound</subject><ispartof>Journal of animal science, 2023-01, Vol.101</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. 2023</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c441t-3addb36f4a65a8ced6829c21ac56106c59a9c34a3adfb4d9331bf1ee1d5bec8a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c441t-3addb36f4a65a8ced6829c21ac56106c59a9c34a3adfb4d9331bf1ee1d5bec8a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691406/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691406/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37971679$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fuerniss, Luke K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, James Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, Jerica R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wesley, Kaitlyn R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowman, Sydney M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Felizari, Luana D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woerner, Dale R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rathmann, Ryan J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Bradley J</creatorcontrib><title>Body, carcass, and steak dimensions of straightbred Holstein calves and Angus-sired calves from Holstein, Jersey, and crossbred beef dams</title><title>Journal of animal science</title><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><description><![CDATA[Abstract
Beef genetics are used with increasing frequency on commercial dairies. Although use of beef genetics improves calf value, variability has been reported in beef × dairy calf phenotype for traits related to muscularity and carcass composition. The objective of this study was to characterize morphometric and compositional differences between beef, beef × dairy, and dairy-fed cattle. Tested treatment groups included Angus-sired straightbred beef steers and heifers (A × B; n = 45), Angus × Holstein crossbreds (A × H; n = 15), Angus × Jersey crossbreds (A × J; n = 16), and straightbred Holsteins (H, n = 16). Cattle were started on trial at mean BW of 302 ± 29.9 kg and then fed at 196 ± 3.4 d. Morphometric measures were recorded every 28 d during the finishing period, ultrasound measures were recorded every 56 d, and morphometric carcass measures were recorded upon slaughter. Muscle biopsies were collected from the longissimus thoracis of a subset of steers (n = 43) every 56 d. Strip loins were collected from carcasses (n = 78) for further evaluation. Frame size measured as hip height, hip width, and body length was greatest for H cattle (P < 0.05), and A × H cattle had greater hip height than A × J cattle (P < 0.05). Relative to BW as a percentage of mature size, ribeye area of all cattle increased at a decreasing rate (negative quadratic term: P < 0.01), and all ultrasound measures of fat depots increased at an increasing rate (positive quadratic term: P < 0.01). Although no difference was observed in muscle fiber area across the finishing period from the longissimus thoracis (P = 0.80), H cattle had a more oxidative muscle phenotype than A × B cattle (P < 0.05). Additionally, H cattle had the smallest area of longissimus lumborum in the posterior strip loin, greatest length-to-width ratio of longissimus lumborum in the posterior strip loin, and least round circumference relative to round length (P < 0.05). Beef genetics improved muscularity in portions of the carcass distal to the longissimus thoracis.
Holstein genetics were associated with greater mature size, and variation in morphometric measurements demonstrated that differences in muscularity between beef- and dairy-influenced carcasses were more evident at distal locations than near the last rib.
Lay Summary
Divergent selection of beef and dairy breeds has caused differences in skeletal size and muscularity. When calves from dairy systems enter the beef supply chain, variability in mature size and carcass composition are introduced. The objective of this study was to characterize morphometric differences in cattle populations with different proportions of beef and dairy genetics. Body measurements confirmed differences in mature size of beef-type cattle, dairy-type cattle, and beef × dairy cattle; Holstein influence was associated with greater skeletal growth. With advancing maturity, the rate of muscle accretion decreased quadratically while the rate of fat accretion increased quadratically. Although muscularity across all cattle types was similar in the longissimus near the last rib, differences were observed in the posterior end of the strip loin, the forearm, and the round. Differences in mature size, muscularity, and steak dimensions were observed between beef-type cattle, dairy-type cattle, and beef × dairy cattle.]]></description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Area</subject><subject>Beef</subject><subject>Biopsy</subject><subject>Body Composition - genetics</subject><subject>Body length</subject><subject>Body measurements</subject><subject>Body Weight - genetics</subject><subject>Calves</subject><subject>Carcasses</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Cattle - genetics</subject><subject>Dairies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Height</subject><subject>Hip</subject><subject>Meat</subject><subject>Muscle Biology</subject><subject>Muscle Fibers, Skeletal</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Strip</subject><subject>Ultrasonic imaging</subject><subject>Ultrasound</subject><issn>0021-8812</issn><issn>1525-3163</issn><issn>1525-3163</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kcFu1DAQhi0EotvCiTuKhISQ2FBPHGfjEyoVUFAlLnC2JvZkm20SL55NpX0E3rru7rICDpwszXzz2eNfiBcg34E06nyFfM636JWuH4kZ6ELnCir1WMykLCCvayhOxCnzSkootNFPxYlamAVUCzMTvz4Ev51nDqND5nmGo894Q3ib-W6gkbswchbaVIvYLW82TSSfXYU-Md2Yxvo74t3QxbicOOfuoX8otzEMR3aefaXItN1f4WJg3rkaojbzOPAz8aTFnun54TwTPz59_H55lV9_-_zl8uI6d2UJm1yh942q2hIrjbUjX9WFcQWg0xXIymmDxqkSE9c2pTdKQdMCEXjdkKtRnYn3e-96agbyjsa0Wm_XsRswbm3Azv7dGbsbuwx3NtkNlLJKhjcHQww_J-KNHTp21Pc4UpjYFrWBhdYaTEJf_YOuwhTHtJ9VsgSpy6ooE_V2T-2-JVJ7fA1I-5CxTRnbQ8aJfvnnAkf2d6gJeL0HwrT-r-keXO-zog</recordid><startdate>20230103</startdate><enddate>20230103</enddate><creator>Fuerniss, Luke K</creator><creator>Young, James Daniel</creator><creator>Hall, Jerica R</creator><creator>Wesley, Kaitlyn R</creator><creator>Bowman, Sydney M</creator><creator>Felizari, Luana D</creator><creator>Woerner, Dale R</creator><creator>Rathmann, Ryan J</creator><creator>Johnson, Bradley J</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20230103</creationdate><title>Body, carcass, and steak dimensions of straightbred Holstein calves and Angus-sired calves from Holstein, Jersey, and crossbred beef dams</title><author>Fuerniss, Luke K ; Young, James Daniel ; Hall, Jerica R ; Wesley, Kaitlyn R ; Bowman, Sydney M ; Felizari, Luana D ; Woerner, Dale R ; Rathmann, Ryan J ; Johnson, Bradley J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c441t-3addb36f4a65a8ced6829c21ac56106c59a9c34a3adfb4d9331bf1ee1d5bec8a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Area</topic><topic>Beef</topic><topic>Biopsy</topic><topic>Body Composition - genetics</topic><topic>Body length</topic><topic>Body measurements</topic><topic>Body Weight - genetics</topic><topic>Calves</topic><topic>Carcasses</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Cattle - genetics</topic><topic>Dairies</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Height</topic><topic>Hip</topic><topic>Meat</topic><topic>Muscle Biology</topic><topic>Muscle Fibers, Skeletal</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism</topic><topic>Muscles</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Strip</topic><topic>Ultrasonic imaging</topic><topic>Ultrasound</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fuerniss, Luke K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Young, James Daniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, Jerica R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wesley, Kaitlyn R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowman, Sydney M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Felizari, Luana D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woerner, Dale R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rathmann, Ryan J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Bradley J</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fuerniss, Luke K</au><au>Young, James Daniel</au><au>Hall, Jerica R</au><au>Wesley, Kaitlyn R</au><au>Bowman, Sydney M</au><au>Felizari, Luana D</au><au>Woerner, Dale R</au><au>Rathmann, Ryan J</au><au>Johnson, Bradley J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Body, carcass, and steak dimensions of straightbred Holstein calves and Angus-sired calves from Holstein, Jersey, and crossbred beef dams</atitle><jtitle>Journal of animal science</jtitle><addtitle>J Anim Sci</addtitle><date>2023-01-03</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>101</volume><issn>0021-8812</issn><issn>1525-3163</issn><eissn>1525-3163</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Abstract
Beef genetics are used with increasing frequency on commercial dairies. Although use of beef genetics improves calf value, variability has been reported in beef × dairy calf phenotype for traits related to muscularity and carcass composition. The objective of this study was to characterize morphometric and compositional differences between beef, beef × dairy, and dairy-fed cattle. Tested treatment groups included Angus-sired straightbred beef steers and heifers (A × B; n = 45), Angus × Holstein crossbreds (A × H; n = 15), Angus × Jersey crossbreds (A × J; n = 16), and straightbred Holsteins (H, n = 16). Cattle were started on trial at mean BW of 302 ± 29.9 kg and then fed at 196 ± 3.4 d. Morphometric measures were recorded every 28 d during the finishing period, ultrasound measures were recorded every 56 d, and morphometric carcass measures were recorded upon slaughter. Muscle biopsies were collected from the longissimus thoracis of a subset of steers (n = 43) every 56 d. Strip loins were collected from carcasses (n = 78) for further evaluation. Frame size measured as hip height, hip width, and body length was greatest for H cattle (P < 0.05), and A × H cattle had greater hip height than A × J cattle (P < 0.05). Relative to BW as a percentage of mature size, ribeye area of all cattle increased at a decreasing rate (negative quadratic term: P < 0.01), and all ultrasound measures of fat depots increased at an increasing rate (positive quadratic term: P < 0.01). Although no difference was observed in muscle fiber area across the finishing period from the longissimus thoracis (P = 0.80), H cattle had a more oxidative muscle phenotype than A × B cattle (P < 0.05). Additionally, H cattle had the smallest area of longissimus lumborum in the posterior strip loin, greatest length-to-width ratio of longissimus lumborum in the posterior strip loin, and least round circumference relative to round length (P < 0.05). Beef genetics improved muscularity in portions of the carcass distal to the longissimus thoracis.
Holstein genetics were associated with greater mature size, and variation in morphometric measurements demonstrated that differences in muscularity between beef- and dairy-influenced carcasses were more evident at distal locations than near the last rib.
Lay Summary
Divergent selection of beef and dairy breeds has caused differences in skeletal size and muscularity. When calves from dairy systems enter the beef supply chain, variability in mature size and carcass composition are introduced. The objective of this study was to characterize morphometric differences in cattle populations with different proportions of beef and dairy genetics. Body measurements confirmed differences in mature size of beef-type cattle, dairy-type cattle, and beef × dairy cattle; Holstein influence was associated with greater skeletal growth. With advancing maturity, the rate of muscle accretion decreased quadratically while the rate of fat accretion increased quadratically. Although muscularity across all cattle types was similar in the longissimus near the last rib, differences were observed in the posterior end of the strip loin, the forearm, and the round. Differences in mature size, muscularity, and steak dimensions were observed between beef-type cattle, dairy-type cattle, and beef × dairy cattle.]]></abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>37971679</pmid><doi>10.1093/jas/skad358</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0021-8812 |
| ispartof | Journal of animal science, 2023-01, Vol.101 |
| issn | 0021-8812 1525-3163 1525-3163 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10691406 |
| source | Oxford Journals Online; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Animals Area Beef Biopsy Body Composition - genetics Body length Body measurements Body Weight - genetics Calves Carcasses Cattle Cattle - genetics Dairies Female Genetics Height Hip Meat Muscle Biology Muscle Fibers, Skeletal Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism Muscles Phenotypes Strip Ultrasonic imaging Ultrasound |
| title | Body, carcass, and steak dimensions of straightbred Holstein calves and Angus-sired calves from Holstein, Jersey, and crossbred beef dams |
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