SARS-CoV-2 exploits cellular RAD51 to promote viral propagation: implication of RAD51 inhibitor as a potential drug candidate against COVID-19

Viruses are constantly evolving to promote propagation in the host. Here, we show that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes host RAD51 for replication. Silencing of RAD51 impaired SARS-CoV-2 propagation. Viral RNA colocalized with RAD51 in the cytoplasm of SARS-CoV-2...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of virology 2023-12, Vol.97 (12), p.e0173723-e0173723
Main Authors: Pham, Thuy X, Huynh, Trang T X, Choi, Jiwon, Lee, Jae-Bong, Park, Seok-Chan, Kim, Bumseok, Lim, Yun-Sook, Hwang, Soon B
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
COVID-19 - metabolism
COVID-19 - virology
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Humans
Molecular Docking Simulation
Rad51 Recombinase - antagonists & inhibitors
Rad51 Recombinase - metabolism
RNA, Viral
SARS-CoV-2 - physiology
Virology
Virus-Cell Interactions
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Summary:Viruses are constantly evolving to promote propagation in the host. Here, we show that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes host RAD51 for replication. Silencing of RAD51 impaired SARS-CoV-2 propagation. Viral RNA colocalized with RAD51 in the cytoplasm of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, suggesting that both viral RNA and RAD51 may form a replication complex. We, therefore, evaluated RAD51 inhibitors as possible therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2. Indeed, RAD51 inhibitors exerted antiviral activities against not only Wuhan but also variants of SARS-CoV-2. Molecular docking model shows that RAD51 inhibitors impede SARS-CoV-2 propagation by interfering with dimerization of RAD51. These data suggest that RAD51 may represent a novel host-based drug target for coronavirus disease 2019 treatment.
ISSN:0022-538X
1098-5514
DOI:10.1128/jvi.01737-23