Dietary Patterns with Healthy and Unhealthy Traits Among Overweight/Obese Hispanic Women with or at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes

• Published in: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities 2021-04, Vol.8 (2), p.293-303
• Main Authors: Arias-Gastélum, Mayra, Lindberg, Nangel M., Leo, Michael C., Bruening, Meg, Whisner, Corrie M., Der Ananian, Cheryl, Hooker, Steven P., LeBlanc, Erin S., Stevens, Victor J., Shuster, Elizabeth, Meenan, Richard T., Gille, Sara, Vaughn, Katherine A., Turner, Ann, Vega-López, Sonia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acculturation; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Associations; Beans; Body fat; Body mass index; Body size; Body weight; Body weight loss; Cardiovascular disease; Correlation coefficient; Correlation coefficients; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data collection; Design factors; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - ethnology; Diet; Diet - ethnology; Diet Surveys; Dietary intake; Eating; Eating behavior; Eggs; Energy intake; Epidemiology; Exploratory factor analysis; Factor analysis; Fasting; Feeding Behavior - ethnology; Female; Fish; Food; Food intake; Fruits; Glucose; Grain; Health risks; Healthy food; Hemoglobin; High risk; Hispanic Americans; Hispanic or Latino - psychology; Hispanic or Latino - statistics & numerical data; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Medical research; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Obesity; Obesity - ethnology; Overweight; Overweight - ethnology; Quality of Life Research; Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Snack foods; Snacks; Social Inequality; Social Structure; Socioeconomic factors; Socioeconomic status; Sugar; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Vegetables; Weight control; Weight loss; Women; Womens health; Young Adult; Young women
• ISSN: 2197-3792; 2196-8837
• DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00782-y

Hispanic women are at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D), with obesity and unhealthy eating being important contributing factors. A cross-sectional design was used in this study to identify dietary patterns and their associations with diabetes risk factors. Participants completed a culturally adapted Food Frequency Questionnaire capturing intake over the prior 3 months. Overweight/obese Hispanic women ( n  = 191) with or at risk for T2D were recruited from a community clinic into a weight loss intervention. Only baseline data was used for this analysis. Dietary patterns and their association with diabetes risk factors (age, body mass index, abdominal obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose [FBG], and hemoglobin A1c). An exploratory factor analysis of dietary data adjusted for energy intake was used to identify eating patterns, and Pearson correlation coefficient ( r ) to assess the association of the eating patterns with the diabetes risk factors. Six meaningful patterns with healthful and unhealthful traits emerged: (1) sugar and fat-laden, (2) plant foods and fish, (3) soups and starchy dishes, (4) meats and snacks, (5) beans and grains, and (6) eggs and dairy. Scores for the “sugar and fat-laden” and “meats and snacks” patterns were negatively associated with age ( r  = − 0.230, p  = 0.001 and r  = − 0.298, p