A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acid improves periodontitis and tissue destruction by MMP2- and MMP9-linked inflammation in a murine model

• Published in: Odontology 2024-01, Vol.112 (1), p.185-199
• Main Authors: Patricia Gonzalez-Alva, Diana Laura Solis-Suarez, Saul Ernesto Cifuentes-Mendiola, Ana Lilia Garcia-Hernandez
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alveolar bone; Animal models; Animals; Bone loss; Dentistry; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - pharmacology; Flow cytometry; Gelatinase A; Gelatinase B; Gum disease; Immunohistochemistry; Immunoregulation; Inflammation; Inflammatory diseases; Interleukins; Male; Matrix metalloproteinase; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Maxilla; Medicine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Omega-3 fatty acids; Oral administration; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Original; Original Article; Periodontitis; Periodontitis - drug therapy; Periodontitis - metabolism; Periodontitis - prevention & control; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Variance analysis; γ-Interferon
• ISSN: 1618-1247; 1618-1255
• DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00831-y

[Abstract] Periodontitis is an oral-cavity inflammatory disease and is the principal cause associated with tooth loss. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are important proteases involved in periodontal tissue destruction. The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) have been demonstrated to possess immunoregulatory properties in periodontitis. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of ω-3 PUFA on inflammation and on the expression of MMP-2 and -9 in a murine periodontitis model. Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were divided into control mice (Control), control mice treated with ω-3 PUFA (O3), mice with periodontitis (P), and mice with periodontitis treated with ω-3 PUFA (P+O3). ω-3 PUFA were administered orally once a day for 70 days. Periodontitis in mice was induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-infected ligature placement around the second maxillary molar. The mice were sacrificed, and blood and maxillary samples were collected. Flow cytometry was used to quantify tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL) -2, IL-4, IL-5, and interferon-gamma. Histologic analysis and immunohistochemistry for MMP-2 and -9 were performed. The data were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey post hoc test. Histological analysis showed that ω-3 PUFA supplementation prevented inflammation and tissue destruction and revealed that bone destruction was more extensive in the P group than in the P+O3 group (p