Clinical Relevance of Vaginal and Endometrial Microbiome Investigation in Women with Repeated Implantation Failure and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Recent studies have investigated if and how the vaginal and endometrial microbiome might affect endometrial receptivity and reproductive health. Although there is no consensus on the existence of a core uterine microbiome yet, evidence shows that the dominance of spp. in the female reproductive trac...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2024-01, Vol.25 (1), p.622
Main Authors: Gao, Xushan, Louwers, Yvonne V, Laven, Joop S E, Schoenmakers, Sam
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abortion, Habitual
Clinical Relevance
Cytokines
Embryonic development
Embryos
Endometrium
Female
Females
Fetuses
Humans
Immune system
Inflammation
Influence
Investigations
Lactobacillus - genetics
Microbiota
Ovulation
Pathophysiology
Pregnancy
Pregnant women
Review
Uterus
Vagina
Womens health
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Summary:Recent studies have investigated if and how the vaginal and endometrial microbiome might affect endometrial receptivity and reproductive health. Although there is no consensus on the existence of a core uterine microbiome yet, evidence shows that the dominance of spp. in the female reproductive tract is generally associated with eubiosis and improved chances of successful implantation and an ongoing pregnancy. Conversely, vaginal and endometrial dysbiosis can cause local inflammation and an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines, compromising the integrity and receptivity of the endometrial mucosa and potentially hampering successful embryonic implantation. This review provides a critical appraisal of the influence of the vaginal and endometrial microbiome as parts of the female reproductive tract on fertility outcomes, focusing on repeated implantation failure (RIF) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). It seems that RIF as well as RPL are both associated with an increase in microbiome diversity and a loss of dominance in the lower female reproductive system.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms25010622