Degradable Polymeric Bio(nano)materials and Their Biomedical Applications: A Comprehensive Overview and Recent Updates

Degradable polymers (both biomacromolecules and several synthetic polymers) for biomedical applications have been promising very much in the recent past due to their low cost, biocompatibility, flexibility, and minimal side effects. Here, we present an overview with updated information on natural an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymers 2024-01, Vol.16 (2), p.206
Main Authors: Kuperkar, Ketan, Atanase, Leonard Ionut, Bahadur, Anita, Crivei, Ioana Cristina, Bahadur, Pratap
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biocompatibility
Biomedical materials
Biosensors
Block copolymers
Crosslinking
Degradation
Drug delivery systems
FDA approval
Graft copolymers
Hybrid composites
Nanocomposites
Polyanhydrides
Polyester resins
Polylactic acid
Polymers
Polyphosphazenes
Polysaccharides
Polyurethane
Review
Side effects
Tissue engineering
Wound healing
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Summary:Degradable polymers (both biomacromolecules and several synthetic polymers) for biomedical applications have been promising very much in the recent past due to their low cost, biocompatibility, flexibility, and minimal side effects. Here, we present an overview with updated information on natural and synthetic degradable polymers where a brief account on different polysaccharides, proteins, and synthetic polymers viz. polyesters/polyamino acids/polyanhydrides/polyphosphazenes/polyurethanes relevant to biomedical applications has been provided. The various approaches for the transformation of these polymers by physical/chemical means viz. cross-linking, as polyblends, nanocomposites/hybrid composites, interpenetrating complexes, interpolymer/polyion complexes, functionalization, polymer conjugates, and block and graft copolymers, are described. The degradation mechanism, drug loading profiles, and toxicological aspects of polymeric nanoparticles formed are also defined. Biomedical applications of these degradable polymer-based biomaterials in and as wound dressing/healing, biosensors, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine, etc., are highlighted. In addition, the use of such nano systems to solve current drug delivery problems is briefly reviewed.
ISSN:2073-4360
2073-4360
DOI:10.3390/polym16020206