Acquired copy number variation in prostate tumours: a review of common somatic copy number alterations, how they are formed and their clinical utility

Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men and unfortunately, disease will progress in up to a third of patients despite primary treatment. Currently, there is a significant lack of prognostic tests that accurately predict disease course; however, the acquisition of somatic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:British journal of cancer 2024-02, Vol.130 (3), p.347-357
Main Authors: O’Malley, Dannielle E., Raspin, Kelsie, Melton, Phillip E., Burdon, Kathryn P., Dickinson, Joanne L., FitzGerald, Liesel M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
631/208/69
631/67/589/466
Androgens
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
BRCA2 protein
Cancer Research
Cell cycle
Chromosomes
Copy number
Cyclin-dependent kinases
Disease Progression
DNA Copy Number Variations
DNA repair
Drug Resistance
Epidemiology
Genes
Genomes
Genomics
Humans
Kinases
Male
Metastases
Metastasis
Molecular Medicine
Mutation
Nkx3.1 protein
Oncogenes
Oncology
Phosphatase
Prognosis
Prostate cancer
Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology
PTEN protein
Review
Review Article
Tumors
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Summary:Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men and unfortunately, disease will progress in up to a third of patients despite primary treatment. Currently, there is a significant lack of prognostic tests that accurately predict disease course; however, the acquisition of somatic chromosomal variation in the form of DNA copy number variants may help understand disease progression. Notably, studies have found that a higher burden of somatic copy number alterations (SCNA) correlates with more aggressive disease, recurrence after surgery and metastasis. Here we will review the literature surrounding SCNA formation, including the roles of key tumour suppressors and oncogenes ( PTEN, BRCA2, NKX3.1, ERG and AR) , and their potential to inform diagnostic and prognostic clinical testing to improve predictive value. Ultimately, SCNAs, or inherited germline alterations that predispose to SCNAs, could have significant clinical utility in diagnostic and prognostic tests, in addition to guiding therapeutic selection.
ISSN:0007-0920
1532-1827
1532-1827
DOI:10.1038/s41416-023-02485-7