The Impact of Reimbursement for Non-Face-to-Face Chronic Care Management on Health Utilization Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Louisiana

• Published in: Value in health 2023-05, Vol.26 (5), p.676-684
• Main Authors: Shao, Yixue, Stoecker, Charles, Hong, Dongzhe, Nauman, Elizabeth, Fonseca, Vivian, Hu, Gang, Bazzano, Alessandra N., Kabagambe, Edmond K., Shi, Lizheng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; chronic care management; Delivery of Health Care; diabetes care; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Humans; Louisiana; Medicare; non-face-to-face; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; remote care; Retrospective Studies; United States
• ISSN: 1098-3015; 1524-4733
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.09.002

We evaluated the impact of reimbursement for non-face-to-face chronic care management (NFFCCM) on healthcare utilization among Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes in Louisiana. We implemented group-based trajectory balancing and propensity score matching to obtain comparable treatment (with NFFCCM) and control (without NFFCCM) groups at baseline. Patients with diabetes with Medicare as their primary payer at baseline were extracted using electronic health records of 3 health systems from Research Action for Health Network, a Clinical Research Network. The study period is from 2013 to early 2020. Our outcomes include general healthcare utilization (outpatient, emergency department, and inpatient encounters) and health utilization related to diabetic complications. We tested each of these outcomes according to multiple treatment definitions and different subgroups. Receiving any NFFCCM was associated with an increase in outpatient visits of 657 (95% confidence interval [CI] 626-687; P < .001) per 1000 patients per month, a decrease in inpatient admissions of 5 (95% CI 2-7; P < .001) per 1000 patients per month, and a decrease in emergency department visits of 4 (95% CI 1-7; P = .005) per 1000 patients per month after 24-month follow-up from initial NFFCCM encounter. Both complex and noncomplex NFFCCM significantly increased visits to outpatient services and inpatient admissions per month. Receiving NFFCCM has a dose-response association with increasing outpatient visits per month. Patients with diabetes in Louisiana who received NFFCCM had more low-cost primary healthcare and less high-cost healthcare utilization in general. The cost savings of NFFCCM in diabetes management could be further explored in the future.