Association between salt sensitivity and blood pressure variability in patients with essential hypertension and predictive value for cardiovascular events

• Published in: Cardiovascular Journal of Africa 2023-09, Vol.34 (4), p.33-38
• Main Authors: Zhang, Biao, Zhao, Dexuan, Dai, Xiaohua, Pan, Dengyue
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Blood pressure; Body mass index; Cardiovascular Topics; Cholesterol; Circadian rhythm; Creatinine; Diabetes; Family medical history; Glucose; Heart rate; Hypertension; Lipoproteins; Medical diagnosis; Patients; Pharmacists; Salt; Standard deviation; Statistical analysis; Triglycerides; Uric acid
• ISSN: 1995-1892; 1680-0745
• DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2022-048

SummaryWe aimed to explore the association between salt sensitivity and blood pressure variability in patients with essential hypertension. A total of 730 patients with essential hypertension treated from 2016 to 2019 were subjected to salt-sensitivity risk stratification according to 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Their clinical data were compared among groups with different grades of salt-sensitivity risk, and the association between salt sensitivity and blood pressure variability was analysed. The influencing factors for cardiovascular events in patients with essential hypertension were analysed through multivariate regression analysis, and their predictive value was detected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Salt sensitivity was positively correlated with night-time and 24-hour systolic standard deviation and 24-hour systolic blood pressure coefficient of variation. Age ≥ 55 years, family history of cardiovascular diseases, high risk of salt sensitivity, night-time systolic standard deviation ≥ 14 mmHg, 24-hour systolic standard deviation ≥ 20 mmHg and 24-hour systolic blood pressure coefficient of variation ≥ 13.5% were all independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients with essential hypertension (p < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve of the prediction model was 0.837. There was a positive correlation between salt sensitivity and blood pressure variability, which has predictive value for cardiovascular events in patients with essential hypertension.