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The structure of a Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide motif recognized by protective antibodies: A combined NMR and MD study
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen responsible for cryptococcosis and cryptococcal meningitis. The C. neoformans ’ capsular polysaccharide and its shed exopolysaccharide function both as key virulence factors and to protect the fungal cell from phagocytosis. Currently, a glycoconjugate of...
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Published in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2024-02, Vol.121 (7), p.1 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Cryptococcus neoformans
is a fungal pathogen responsible for cryptococcosis and cryptococcal meningitis. The
C. neoformans
’ capsular polysaccharide and its shed exopolysaccharide function both as key virulence factors and to protect the fungal cell from phagocytosis. Currently, a glycoconjugate of these polysaccharides is being explored as a vaccine to protect against
C. neoformans
infection. In this study, NOE and
J
-coupling values from NMR experiments were consistent with a converged structure of the synthetic decasaccharide, GXM10-Ac
3
, calculated from MD simulations. GXM10-Ac
3
was designed as an extension of glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) polysaccharide motif (M2) which is common in the clinically predominant serotype A strains and is recognized by protective forms of GXM-specific monoclonal antibodies. The M2 motif is a hexasaccharide with a three-residue α-mannan backbone, modified by β-(1→2)-xyloses (Xyl) on the first two mannoses (Man) and a β-(1→2)-glucuronic acid (GlcA) on the third Man. Combined NMR and MD analyses reveal that GXM10-Ac
3
adopts an extended structure, with Xyl/GlcA branches alternating sides along the α-mannan backbone.
O
-acetyl esters also alternate sides and are grouped in pairs. MD analysis of a twelve M2-repeating unit polymer supports the notion that the GXM10-Ac
3
structure is uniformly represented throughout the polysaccharide. This derived GXM model displays high flexibility while maintaining a structural identity, yielding insights to further explore intermolecular interactions between polysaccharides, interactions with anti-GXM mAbs, and the cryptococcal polysaccharide architecture. |
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ISSN: | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.2315733121 |