Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome in Anorexia Nervosa: A Case Report and a Systematic Revision of the Literature

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a rare condition caused by the compression of the duodenum, which may occur in the case of fast weight loss. Currently, the relationship between superior mesenteric artery syndrome and anorexia nervosa is still unclear. The aim of this study is to identi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2024-02, Vol.16 (4), p.541
Main Authors: Bozzola, Elena, Irrera, Mariangela, Cirillo, Flavia, Zanna, Valeria, Petrelli, Italo, Diamanti, Antonella, Scire, Ylenia, Park, Jibin, Marchesi, Alessandra, Marchili, Maria Rosaria, Villani, Alberto
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abdomen
Abdominal Pain - etiology
Adolescent
Anorexia
Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia Nervosa - complications
Anorexia Nervosa - diagnosis
Cardiac arrhythmia
Case reports
Catheters
Child
Coronary vessels
Dietary supplements
Duodenum
Enteral nutrition
Families & family life
Female
Humans
Hypotension
Meals
Nausea
Nutrition
Oliguria
Parenteral nutrition
Small intestine
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome - complications
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome - diagnosis
Veins & arteries
Vomiting
Weight Loss
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Summary:Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a rare condition caused by the compression of the duodenum, which may occur in the case of fast weight loss. Currently, the relationship between superior mesenteric artery syndrome and anorexia nervosa is still unclear. The aim of this study is to identify the precocious clinical signs and symptoms of SMAS in patients affected by anorexia nervosa so as not to delay the diagnosis. We present the clinical case of a young female patient with anorexia nervosa complicated by SMAS. We performed a literature review of SMAS in children affected by anorexia nervosa between 1962 and 2023, according to the PRISMA Extension Guide for Scoping Reviews. Reviewing the literature, 11 clinical cases were described for the pediatric age. The median age at diagnosis was 17 years (ranging from 13 to 18 years). The diagnosis of SMAS may be challenging as symptoms overlap those of anorexia, but it should be kept in mind mostly in cases of post-prandial abdominal pain, anxiety or depression, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Even specific clinical symptoms may act as flag tags to drive attention to this rare but potentially fatal condition.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu16040541