Influence of environmental risk factors on the development of wounds associated with squamous cell carcinoma

• Published in: International wound journal 2024-03, Vol.21 (3), p.e14506-n/a
• Main Authors: Jia, Yulei, Chen, Fengchao, Yan, Tongtong, Zhang, Siya, Salem, Mohamed M., Singh, Soumya, Salem‐Bekhit, Mounir M., Kumar, Sanjay Kirshan, Ali, Muhammad Mehr
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Cancer therapies; Carcinogens; Cell cycle; Data collection; Drug use; environmental factors; Environmental risk; Ethics; Gender; Hospitals; Human papillomavirus; Inclusion; Informed consent; Medical history; Oncology; Original; Questionnaires; Risk factors; Skin; Skin cancer; skin neoplasms; Socioeconomic factors; Socioeconomic status; Squamous cell carcinoma; Ultraviolet radiation; wound characteristics
• ISSN: 1742-4801; 1742-481X; 1742-481X
• DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14506

The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is on the rise, making it a significant global health concern. Environmental risk factors are crucial to the development of SCC. This study sought to examine comprehensively the impact of these factors on the onset of SCC. We conducted a cross‐sectional study involving 480 participants at Beijing tertiary care hospital. Utilizing structured questionnaires, data on demographics, environmental exposures, medical history and clinical characteristics were collected. The cohort was composed of 272 men (56.67%) and 208 women (43.33%). The majority (44.38%) were between ages of 41 and 60, and Type III skin predominated (34.79%). Most of the participants belonged to the middle socioeconomic class (60.83%). ‘Vegetarian’ dietary habits (46.67%) were prevalent, as was the ‘Sedentary’ lifestyle (49.79%). Regarding environmental exposures, moderate sun exposure of 3 to 5 h per day (54.58%) and UV protective eyewear (30.83%) were prevalent. The majority (69.58%) of respondents indicated ‘Never’ exposure to carcinogens. A variety of wound characteristics were observed, with ‘non‐smokers’ (64.17%) dominating. Most SCC lesions were located on the extremities (40.21%), lasted less than 6 months (44.38%) and measured 1–3 cm (39.79%). The majority (54.58%) did not have a history of cutaneous injuries. Our research uncovered substantial relationships between SCC and numerous environmental variables, gender, Fitzpatrick skin type, occupation, duration of sun exposure, exposure to carcinogens, dietary practices, history of skin wounds, wound location, duration, size and depth were significantly associated with the onset of SCC. These results highlighted the complexity of SCC aetiology and need for individualized prevention and treatment strategies.