Crosstalk between vault RNAs and innate immunity

• Published in: Molecular biology reports 2024-12, Vol.51 (1), p.387-387, Article 387
• Main Authors: Avila-Bonilla, Rodolfo Gamaliel, Martínez-Montero, Juan Pablo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acids; Aging; Animal Anatomy; Animal Biochemistry; Apoptosis; Autoimmune diseases; Autophagy; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biosynthesis; Cancer; Cytokines; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Drug resistance; eIF-2 kinase; Gene expression; Histology; Immune system; Immunity, Innate - genetics; Immunology; Inflammation; Innate immunity; Interferon; Interferon-inducible protein; Interferons; Kinases; Life Sciences; Molecular biology; Morphology; Physiology; Protein kinase R; Proteins; Retinoic acid; Review; Ribonuclease L; RNA polymerase; Roles; Sensors; Transcription factors; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Viral infections
• ISSN: 0301-4851; 1573-4978
• DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09305-y

Purpose Vault (vt) RNAs are noncoding (nc) RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III (RNA Pol III) with 5ʹ-triphosphate (5ʹ-PPP) termini that play significant roles and are recognized by innate immune sensors, including retinoic acid-inducible protein 1 (RIG-I). In addition, vtRNAs adopt secondary structures that can be targets of interferon-inducible protein kinase R (PKR) and the oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)/RNase L system, both of which are important for activating antiviral defenses. However, changes in the expression of vtRNAs have been associated with pathological processes that activate proinflammatory pathways, which influence cellular events such as differentiation, aging, autophagy, apoptosis, and drug resistance in cancer cells. Results In this review, we summarized the biology of vtRNAs and focused on their interactions with the innate immune system. These findings provide insights into the diverse roles of vtRNAs and their correlation with various cellular processes to improve our understanding of their biological functions.