Expanding Access to Comprehensive Geriatric Evaluation via Telehealth: Development of Hybrid-Virtual Home Visits

• Published in: Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM 2024-02, Vol.39 (Suppl 1), p.36-43
• Main Authors: Schubert, Cathy C., Penney, Lauren S., Schwartzkopf, Ashley L., Damush, Teresa M., Preddie, Alaina, Flemming, Soyna, Myers, Jennifer, Myers, Laura J., Perkins, Anthony J., Zhang, Ying, Bravata, Dawn M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Data collection; Data transmission; Evaluation; Geriatrics; House Calls; Humans; Internal Medicine; Iterative methods; Medical instruments; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Older people; Patients; Problem solving; Program Development; Program Evaluation; Qualitative analysis; Quality control; Research and Reporting Methods; Telemedicine; Veterans
• ISSN: 0884-8734; 1525-1497; 1525-1497
• DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08460-5

Background In response to the aging population, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) seeks to expand access to evidence-based practices which support community-dwelling older persons such as the Geriatric Resources for Assessment and Care of Elders (GRACE) program. GRACE is a multidisciplinary care model which provides home-based geriatric evaluation and management for older Veterans residing within a 20-mile drive radius from the hospital. We sought to expand the geographic reach of VA-GRACE by developing a hybrid-virtual home visit (TeleGRACE). Objectives The objectives were to: (1) describe challenges encountered and solutions implemented during the iterative, pre-implementation program development process; and (2) illustrate potential successes of the program with two case examples. Design Quality improvement project with longitudinal qualitative data collection. Program Description The hybrid-virtual home visit involved a telehealth technician travelling to patients’ homes and connecting virtually to VA-GRACE team members who participated remotely. Approach & Participants We collected multiple data streams throughout program development: TeleGRACE staff periodic reflections, fieldnotes, and team meeting notes; and VA-GRACE team member interviews. Key Results The five program domains that required attention and problem-solving were: telehealth connectivity and equipment, virtual physical examination, protocols and procedures, staff training, and team integration. For each domain, we describe several challenges and solutions. An example from the virtual physical examination domain: several iterations were required to identify the combination of telehealth stethoscope with dedicated headphones that allowed remote nurse practitioners to hear heart and lung sounds. The two cases illustrate how this hybrid-virtual home visit model provided care for patients who would not otherwise have received timely healthcare services. Conclusions These results provide a blueprint to translate an in-person home-based geriatrics program into a hybrid-virtual model and support the feasibility of using hybrid-virtual home visits to expand access to comprehensive geriatric evaluation and ongoing care for high-risk, community-dwelling older persons who reside geographically distant from the primary VA facility. Graphical Abstract