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Effect of exogenous melatonin on the cellular response of Holstein heifer calves during vaccination
Abstract Despite rigorous vaccination protocols, calf morbidity is the primary contributor to economic loss in the calf sector of the dairy industry. Melatonin has modulated immune response in other mature animal species. We hypothesized that exogenous melatonin may improve the cellular response to...
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| Published in: | Translational animal science 2024-01, Vol.8, p.txae028-txae028 |
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| creator | Martin, Allie E Machado, Vinicius S Rathmann, Ryan J Crossland, Whitney L |
| description | Abstract
Despite rigorous vaccination protocols, calf morbidity is the primary contributor to economic loss in the calf sector of the dairy industry. Melatonin has modulated immune response in other mature animal species. We hypothesized that exogenous melatonin may improve the cellular response to vaccination in dairy calves. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of exogenous melatonin on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function in Holstein heifer calves during immunization. Sixty neonatal Holstein heifers were enrolled by birth cohort (block) and randomized to one of four treatments: control (CON), vaccination of 0.5 mg ovalbumin on days 0 and 21 (VAC), implantation of 24 mg melatonin on day 0 (MEL), or both melatonin and vaccine treatments (MVAC). Jugular blood was collected on days 0, 21, 42, and 63 to measure circulating melatonin, anti-ovalbumin immunoglobulin-G, and PMN function. Calves implanted with melatonin had greater circulating melatonin than non-implanted on day 21 (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/tas/txae028 |
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Despite rigorous vaccination protocols, calf morbidity is the primary contributor to economic loss in the calf sector of the dairy industry. Melatonin has modulated immune response in other mature animal species. We hypothesized that exogenous melatonin may improve the cellular response to vaccination in dairy calves. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of exogenous melatonin on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function in Holstein heifer calves during immunization. Sixty neonatal Holstein heifers were enrolled by birth cohort (block) and randomized to one of four treatments: control (CON), vaccination of 0.5 mg ovalbumin on days 0 and 21 (VAC), implantation of 24 mg melatonin on day 0 (MEL), or both melatonin and vaccine treatments (MVAC). Jugular blood was collected on days 0, 21, 42, and 63 to measure circulating melatonin, anti-ovalbumin immunoglobulin-G, and PMN function. Calves implanted with melatonin had greater circulating melatonin than non-implanted on day 21 (P < 0.01). Anti-ovalbumin IgG was greater for vaccinated than non-vaccinated calves (P < 0.01). Anti-ovalbumin IgG was greater for MVAC than VAC calves on day 63. Percent of cells and mean florescence intensity of cells performing oxidative burst decreased from day 0 to day 63 (P < 0.01) but were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.26). There was a tendency (P = 0.10) for an interaction of melatonin, vaccination, and day for the mean florescence intensity of cells performing phagocytosis where MVAC was greater than all other treatments on d 42. Exogenous melatonin may alter PMN function of calves during vaccination. Further research is needed to define the effect of melatonin on development of antigen-specific IgG during programmed vaccination protocols.
Melatonin implants given to naive dairy calves during calf-hood vaccination has potential to alter the innate immune competency. Specifically, melatonin may increase the percent of polymorphonuclear leukocyte cells performing phagocytosis at critical times of growth.
Lay Summary
New-born dairy calves are susceptible to disease due to an immature immune system. They primarily depend on their innate immune functions until acquired immunity is established through vaccination. Supplemental melatonin has been shown to improve circulating immune cells of adult animals during vaccination, but it has not been investigated in neonates. Using a mock antigen, we observed that when calves received both the antigen and melatonin, a greater percent of immune cells were active than vaccination alone. This has important implications for health management strategies because it occurs at a time when calves are at greatest risk of disease onset. There is potential that supplemental melatonin may bolster the immune system at critical times of development.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2573-2102</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2573-2102</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae028</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38510064</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Immunology</subject><ispartof>Translational animal science, 2024-01, Vol.8, p.txae028-txae028</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. 2024</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-f597e79d22e8047ac3d566a2c71178355e574f4c8fe6ee47a080ecde8b8a4d513</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5538-0501 ; 0000-0003-1513-8216</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10953793/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10953793/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,1604,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38510064$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Martin, Allie E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Machado, Vinicius S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rathmann, Ryan J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crossland, Whitney L</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of exogenous melatonin on the cellular response of Holstein heifer calves during vaccination</title><title>Translational animal science</title><addtitle>Transl Anim Sci</addtitle><description>Abstract
Despite rigorous vaccination protocols, calf morbidity is the primary contributor to economic loss in the calf sector of the dairy industry. Melatonin has modulated immune response in other mature animal species. We hypothesized that exogenous melatonin may improve the cellular response to vaccination in dairy calves. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of exogenous melatonin on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function in Holstein heifer calves during immunization. Sixty neonatal Holstein heifers were enrolled by birth cohort (block) and randomized to one of four treatments: control (CON), vaccination of 0.5 mg ovalbumin on days 0 and 21 (VAC), implantation of 24 mg melatonin on day 0 (MEL), or both melatonin and vaccine treatments (MVAC). Jugular blood was collected on days 0, 21, 42, and 63 to measure circulating melatonin, anti-ovalbumin immunoglobulin-G, and PMN function. Calves implanted with melatonin had greater circulating melatonin than non-implanted on day 21 (P < 0.01). Anti-ovalbumin IgG was greater for vaccinated than non-vaccinated calves (P < 0.01). Anti-ovalbumin IgG was greater for MVAC than VAC calves on day 63. Percent of cells and mean florescence intensity of cells performing oxidative burst decreased from day 0 to day 63 (P < 0.01) but were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.26). There was a tendency (P = 0.10) for an interaction of melatonin, vaccination, and day for the mean florescence intensity of cells performing phagocytosis where MVAC was greater than all other treatments on d 42. Exogenous melatonin may alter PMN function of calves during vaccination. Further research is needed to define the effect of melatonin on development of antigen-specific IgG during programmed vaccination protocols.
Melatonin implants given to naive dairy calves during calf-hood vaccination has potential to alter the innate immune competency. Specifically, melatonin may increase the percent of polymorphonuclear leukocyte cells performing phagocytosis at critical times of growth.
Lay Summary
New-born dairy calves are susceptible to disease due to an immature immune system. They primarily depend on their innate immune functions until acquired immunity is established through vaccination. Supplemental melatonin has been shown to improve circulating immune cells of adult animals during vaccination, but it has not been investigated in neonates. Using a mock antigen, we observed that when calves received both the antigen and melatonin, a greater percent of immune cells were active than vaccination alone. This has important implications for health management strategies because it occurs at a time when calves are at greatest risk of disease onset. There is potential that supplemental melatonin may bolster the immune system at critical times of development.</description><subject>Immunology</subject><issn>2573-2102</issn><issn>2573-2102</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>TOX</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1LAzEURYMoVqor95KVCFKbTCaTmZVI8QsKbnQdYualjUyTmmRK_femtBbduEogh_Ne7kXonJIbSho2TiqO01oBKeoDdFJwwUYFJcXhr_sAncX4QQihTdNUlByjAas5JaQqT5C-NwZ0wt5gWPsZON9HvIBOJe-sw97hNAesoev6TgUcIC69i7Dhn3wXE2RoDtZAwFp1K4i47YN1M7xSWlunkvXuFB0Z1UU4251D9PZw_zp5Gk1fHp8nd9ORZoKmkeGNANG0RQE1KYXSrOVVpQotKBU14xy4KE2pawMVQAZITUC3UL_Xqmw5ZUN0u_Uu-_cFtBpcCqqTy2AXKnxJr6z8--LsXM78SuYkORMNy4arnSH4zx5ikgsbN59XDnIwsmgEozlHwjN6vUV18DEGMPs5lGyETOZq5K6aTF_8Xm3P_hSRgcst4Pvlv6ZvrLeauA</recordid><startdate>20240101</startdate><enddate>20240101</enddate><creator>Martin, Allie E</creator><creator>Machado, Vinicius S</creator><creator>Rathmann, Ryan J</creator><creator>Crossland, Whitney L</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>TOX</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-0501</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-8216</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240101</creationdate><title>Effect of exogenous melatonin on the cellular response of Holstein heifer calves during vaccination</title><author>Martin, Allie E ; Machado, Vinicius S ; Rathmann, Ryan J ; Crossland, Whitney L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c371t-f597e79d22e8047ac3d566a2c71178355e574f4c8fe6ee47a080ecde8b8a4d513</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Immunology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Martin, Allie E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Machado, Vinicius S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rathmann, Ryan J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crossland, Whitney L</creatorcontrib><collection>Oxford Journals Open Access Collection</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Translational animal science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Martin, Allie E</au><au>Machado, Vinicius S</au><au>Rathmann, Ryan J</au><au>Crossland, Whitney L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of exogenous melatonin on the cellular response of Holstein heifer calves during vaccination</atitle><jtitle>Translational animal science</jtitle><addtitle>Transl Anim Sci</addtitle><date>2024-01-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>8</volume><spage>txae028</spage><epage>txae028</epage><pages>txae028-txae028</pages><issn>2573-2102</issn><eissn>2573-2102</eissn><abstract>Abstract
Despite rigorous vaccination protocols, calf morbidity is the primary contributor to economic loss in the calf sector of the dairy industry. Melatonin has modulated immune response in other mature animal species. We hypothesized that exogenous melatonin may improve the cellular response to vaccination in dairy calves. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of exogenous melatonin on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function in Holstein heifer calves during immunization. Sixty neonatal Holstein heifers were enrolled by birth cohort (block) and randomized to one of four treatments: control (CON), vaccination of 0.5 mg ovalbumin on days 0 and 21 (VAC), implantation of 24 mg melatonin on day 0 (MEL), or both melatonin and vaccine treatments (MVAC). Jugular blood was collected on days 0, 21, 42, and 63 to measure circulating melatonin, anti-ovalbumin immunoglobulin-G, and PMN function. Calves implanted with melatonin had greater circulating melatonin than non-implanted on day 21 (P < 0.01). Anti-ovalbumin IgG was greater for vaccinated than non-vaccinated calves (P < 0.01). Anti-ovalbumin IgG was greater for MVAC than VAC calves on day 63. Percent of cells and mean florescence intensity of cells performing oxidative burst decreased from day 0 to day 63 (P < 0.01) but were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.26). There was a tendency (P = 0.10) for an interaction of melatonin, vaccination, and day for the mean florescence intensity of cells performing phagocytosis where MVAC was greater than all other treatments on d 42. Exogenous melatonin may alter PMN function of calves during vaccination. Further research is needed to define the effect of melatonin on development of antigen-specific IgG during programmed vaccination protocols.
Melatonin implants given to naive dairy calves during calf-hood vaccination has potential to alter the innate immune competency. Specifically, melatonin may increase the percent of polymorphonuclear leukocyte cells performing phagocytosis at critical times of growth.
Lay Summary
New-born dairy calves are susceptible to disease due to an immature immune system. They primarily depend on their innate immune functions until acquired immunity is established through vaccination. Supplemental melatonin has been shown to improve circulating immune cells of adult animals during vaccination, but it has not been investigated in neonates. Using a mock antigen, we observed that when calves received both the antigen and melatonin, a greater percent of immune cells were active than vaccination alone. This has important implications for health management strategies because it occurs at a time when calves are at greatest risk of disease onset. There is potential that supplemental melatonin may bolster the immune system at critical times of development.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>38510064</pmid><doi>10.1093/tas/txae028</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-0501</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-8216</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Immunology |
| title | Effect of exogenous melatonin on the cellular response of Holstein heifer calves during vaccination |
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