Dietary Intervention for Control of Clinical Symptom in Patients with Systemic Metal Allergy: A Single Center Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

• Published in: Kobe journal of the medical sciences 2024-01, Vol.69 (4), p.E129-E143
• Main Authors: Mikajiri, Reiko, Fukunaga, Atsushi, Miyoshi, Makoto, Maeshige, Noriaki, Washio, Ken, Masaki, Taro, Nishigori, Chikako, Yamamoto, Ikuko, Toda, Akiyo, Takahashi, Michiko, Asahara, Shun-Ichiro, Kido, Yoshiaki, Usami, Makoto
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Dermatitis, Atopic - diagnosis; Dermatitis, Atopic - pathology; Dermatitis, Atopic - therapy; Diet; Eczema; Humans
• ISSN: 0023-2513; 1883-0498
• DOI: 10.24546/0100486230

Patients with eczema with a systemic metal allergy, such as nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), and tin (Sn), should pay attention to symptomatic exacerbation by excessive metal intake in food. However, dietary intervention for systemic metal allergy can be difficult. In this study, we evaluated the effect of dietary intervention by a registered dietitian on clinical symptoms in patients with a systemic metal allergy. Forty-four patients with cutaneous symptoms who were diagnosed with a metal allergy were randomly assigned to the dietary intervention group (DI group, n = 29) by a registered dietitian or the control group (C group, n = 15). The DI group was individually instructed by a registered dietitian how to implement a metal-restricted diet and then evaluated 1 month later. Dermatologists treated skin lesions of patients in both groups. Skin symptoms assessed by the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, blood tests, and urinary metal excretion were evaluated. The DI group showed decreased Ni, Co, Cr, and Sn intake (all P ≤ 0.05), and an improved total SCORAD score, eczema area, erythema, edema/papulation, oozing/crust, excoriation, lichenization and dryness after 1 month of intervention compared with before the intervention (all P ≤ 0.05). However, the C group showed decreased Ni and Sn intake and an improved oozing/crust score (all P < 0.05). It showed the effective reduction of dietary metal intake controls dermatitis due to a metal allergy. In conclusion, dietary intervention by a registered dietitian is effective in improving skin symptoms with a reduction in metal intake.