Microbiological Characteristics and Resistance Patterns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Surveillance Study

This study aims to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial infections associated with both early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS). This descriptive retrospective surveillance research was conducted on all neonates admitted to the neonatal ICU with b...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2024-03, Vol.16 (3), p.e56027-e56027
Main Authors: Kasem, Sameh, Elhadidi, Ahmed, Omar, Nuralhuda, Dawoud, Tasnim, Abu Sa'da, Omar, Rahmani, Aiman, Khan, Nusrat
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibiotics
Bacteria
Bacterial infections
Births
Drug resistance
E coli
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria
Intensive care
Meningitis
Microorganisms
Neonatal care
Newborn babies
Pathogens
Pediatrics
Penicillin
Sepsis
Statistical analysis
Streptococcus infections
Surveillance
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Summary:This study aims to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacterial infections associated with both early-onset sepsis (EOS) and late-onset sepsis (LOS). This descriptive retrospective surveillance research was conducted on all neonates admitted to the neonatal ICU with bacterial sepsis, where positive cultures were isolated from sterile sites (either cerebrospinal fluid or blood) at Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE, from January 2012 and December 2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis was performed. The incidence of LOS (94.43%) was higher compared to EOS (5.56%). The most prevalent isolates (59.2%) were gram-positive bacteria, with gram-negative bacteria accounting for 40.8%. The leading isolates included coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CONS, 40.98%), Klebsiella (16.04%), Staphylococcus aureus (8.46%), Escherichia coli (8.24%), Pseudomonas (7.57%), and Group B Streptococcus (GBS, 5.12%). CONS were predominant in LOS cases (42.9%), while GBS was the main pathogen in EOS cases (44%). We observed reduced resistance levels of CONS against ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, fusidic acid, gentamicin, oxacillin, rifampicin, and trimethoprim/sulfa. S. aureus exhibited increased resistance to erythromycin, fusidic acid, gentamicin, and levofloxacin, while E. coli demonstrated decreased resistance against cephalothin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim/sulfa. The antibiotics currently employed empirically appear to provide adequate coverage against the most prevalent bacteria causing early- and late-onset neonatal infections.
ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.56027