Hypersensitivities following allergen antigen recognition by unconventional T cells

Conventional T cells recognise protein‐derived antigens in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia and class II molecules and provide anti‐microbial and anti‐tumour immunity. Conventional T cells have also been implicated in type IV (also termed delayed‐type or T cell–mediated...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Allergy (Copenhagen) 2020-10, Vol.75 (10), p.2477-2490
Main Authors: Lima Moreira, Marcela, Souter, Michael N. T., Chen, Zhenjun, Loh, Liyen, McCluskey, James, Pellicci, Daniel G., Eckle, Sidonia B. G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergens
antigen
Antigen Presentation
CD1
Histocompatibility Antigens Class I
Humans
Hypersensitivity
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
MAIT cells
Major histocompatibility complex
Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
MR1
Mucosa
Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells
NKT cells
Proteins
Tumors
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Summary:Conventional T cells recognise protein‐derived antigens in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia and class II molecules and provide anti‐microbial and anti‐tumour immunity. Conventional T cells have also been implicated in type IV (also termed delayed‐type or T cell–mediated) hypersensitivity reactions in response to protein‐derived allergen antigens. In addition to conventional T cells, subsets of unconventional T cells exist, which recognise non‐protein antigens in the context of monomorphic MHC class I‐like molecules. These include T cells that are restricted to the cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) family members, known as CD1‐restricted T cells, and mucosal‐associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) that are restricted to the MHC‐related protein 1 (MR1). Compared with conventional T cells, much less is known about the immune functions of unconventional T cells and their role in hypersensitivities. Here, we review allergen antigen presentation by MHC‐I‐like molecules, their recognition by unconventional T cells, and the potential role of unconventional T cells in hypersensitivities. We also speculate on possible scenarios of allergen antigen presentation by MHC‐I‐like molecules to unconventional T cells, the hallmarks of such responses, and the expected frequencies of hypersensitivities within the human population.
ISSN:0105-4538
1398-9995
DOI:10.1111/all.14279