In vivo EPR tooth dosimetry for triage after a radiation event involving large populations

• Published in: Radiation and environmental biophysics 2014-05, Vol.53 (2), p.335-346
• Main Authors: Williams, Benjamin B., Flood, Ann Barry, Salikhov, Ildar, Kobayashi, Kyo, Dong, Ruhong, Rychert, Kevin, Du, Gaixin, Schreiber, Wilson, Swartz, Harold M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biological and Medical Physics; Biophysics; Bone marrow; Dosimetry; Ecosystems; Effects of Radiation/Radiation Protection; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy - instrumentation; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy - methods; Enamel; Environmental Physics; Equipment Design; Humans; Incisor - radiation effects; Ionizing radiation; Irradiation; Models, Biological; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Original Paper; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Radiation; Radiation Injuries; Radiometry - instrumentation; Radiometry - methods; Teeth; Time Factors; Tooth - radiation effects; Triage; Whole-Body Irradiation
• ISSN: 0301-634X; 1432-2099
• DOI: 10.1007/s00411-014-0534-9

The management of radiation injuries following a catastrophic event where large numbers of people may have been exposed to life-threatening doses of ionizing radiation will rely critically on the availability and use of suitable biodosimetry methods. In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tooth dosimetry has a number of valuable and unique characteristics and capabilities that may help enable effective triage. We have produced a prototype of a deployable EPR tooth dosimeter and tested it in several in vitro and in vivo studies to characterize the performance and utility at the state of the art. This report focuses on recent advances in the technology, which strengthen the evidence that in vivo EPR tooth dosimetry can provide practical, accurate, and rapid measurements in the context of its intended use to help triage victims in the event of an improvised nuclear device. These advances provide evidence that the signal is stable, accurate to within 0.5 Gy, and can be successfully carried out in vivo. The stability over time of the radiation-induced EPR signal from whole teeth was measured to confirm its long-term stability and better characterize signal behavior in the hours following irradiation. Dosimetry measurements were taken for five pairs of natural human upper central incisors mounted within a simple anatomic mouth model that demonstrates the ability to achieve 0.5 Gy standard error of inverse dose prediction. An assessment of the use of intact upper incisors for dose estimation and screening was performed with volunteer subjects who have not been exposed to significant levels of ionizing radiation and patients who have undergone total body irradiation as part of bone marrow transplant procedures. Based on these and previous evaluations of the performance and use of the in vivo tooth dosimetry system, it is concluded that this system could be a very valuable resource to aid in the management of a massive radiological event.