Investigation of Presumptive HIV Transmission Associated with Receipt of Platelet-Rich Plasma Microneedling Facials at a Spa Among Former Spa Clients - New Mexico, 2018-2023

• Published in: MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 2024-04, Vol.73 (16), p.372-376
• Main Authors: Stadelman-Behar, Anna M, Gehre, Mika N, Atallah, Liana, Clarke, Tegan, Leonso, Ana-Alicia, Jojola, Francella, Zheng, HaoQiang, Jia, Hongwei, Lyss, Sheryl B, Switzer, William M, Grytdal, Scott P, Durham, Miranda, Salas, N Mariam, Sievers, Marla, Smelser, Chad
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Adult; AIDS; Analysis; Blood platelets; Botulinum toxin; Cosmetic Techniques; Diagnosis; Disease control; Disease transmission; Face; Female; Full Report; Health risks; HIV; HIV (Viruses); HIV infection; HIV Infections - epidemiology; HIV Infections - transmission; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Infection; Infections; Injection; Investigations; Male; Medical tests; Middle Aged; Needles; New Mexico - epidemiology; Pathogens; Patients; Percutaneous Collagen Induction; Phylogenetics; Plasma; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Platelets; Prevention; Public health; Risk factors; Spas
• ISSN: 0149-2195; 1545-861X
• DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7316a3

HIV transmitted through cosmetic injection services via contaminated blood has not been previously documented. During summer 2018, the New Mexico Department of Health (NMDOH) was notified of a diagnosis of HIV infection in a woman with no known HIV risk factors who reported exposure to needles from cosmetic platelet-rich plasma microneedling facials (vampire facials) received at a spa in spring 2018. An investigation of the spa's services began in summer 2018, and NMDOH and CDC identified four former spa clients, and one sexual partner of a spa client, all of whom received HIV infection diagnoses during 2018-2023, despite low reported behavioral risks associated with HIV acquisition. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed highly similar HIV strains among all cases. Although transmission of HIV via unsterile injection practices is a known risk, determining novel routes of HIV transmission among persons with no known HIV risk factors is important. This investigation identified an HIV cluster associated with receipt of cosmetic injection services at an unlicensed facility that did not follow recommended infection control procedures or maintain client records. Requiring adequate infection control practices and maintenance of client records at spa facilities offering cosmetic injection services can help prevent the transmission of HIV and other bloodborne pathogens and ensure adequate traceback and notification in the event of adverse clinical outcomes, respectively.