Sanghuangporus vaninii extract ameliorates hyperlipidemia in rats by mechanisms identified with transcriptome analysis

• Published in: Food science & nutrition 2024-05, Vol.12 (5), p.3360-3376
• Main Authors: Gao, Ning, Liu, Yuanzhen, Liu, Guangjie, Liu, Bo, Cheng, Yupeng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Bioengineering; Biosynthesis; Cardiovascular disease; Chinese medicine; Cholesterol; Drug development; Drug dosages; edible and medicinal fungi; Food; Gene expression; Glucagon; High density lipoprotein; High fat diet; Histopathology; Hyperlipidemia; Hypolipidemic activity; Lipid metabolism; Lipids; Liver; Liver diseases; Molecular modelling; Original; Public health; RNA‐seq analysis; Sanghuangporus; Sanghuangporus vaninii; Serum levels; Side effects; Signal transduction; Simvastatin; Sodium; Thyroid; Transcriptomes; Transcriptomics
• ISSN: 2048-7177; 2048-7177
• DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4002

The increasing incidence of hyperlipidemia is a serious threat to public health. The development of effective and safe lipid‐lowering drugs with few side effects is necessary. The purpose of this study was to assess the lipid‐lowering activity of Sanghuangporus vaninii extract (SVE) in rat experiments and reveal the molecular mechanism by transcriptome analysis. Hyperlipidemia was induced in the animals using a high‐fat diet for 4 weeks. At the end of the 4th week, hyperlipidemic rats were assigned into two control groups (model and positive simvastatin control) and three treatment groups that received SVE at 200, 400, or 800 mg kg−1 day−1 for another 4 weeks. A last control group comprised normal chow‐fed rats. At the end of the 8th week, rats were sacrificed and lipid serum levels, histopathology, and liver transcriptome profiles were determined. SVE was demonstrated to relieve the lipid disorder and improve histopathological liver changes in a dose‐dependent manner. The transcriptomic analysis identified changes in hepatocyte gene activity for major pathways including steroid biosynthesis, bile secretion, cholesterol metabolism, AMPK signaling, thyroid hormone signaling, and glucagon signaling. The changed expression of crucial genes in the different groups was confirmed by qPCR. Collectively, this study revealed that SVE could relieve hyperlipidemia in rats, the molecular mechanism might be to promote the metabolism of lipids and the excretion of cholesterol, inhibit the biosynthesis of cholesterol by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, the thyroid hormone signaling pathway, and the glucagon signaling pathway. Extracts of Sanghuangporus vaninii can relieve hyperlipidemia in rats. The results of transcriptomic analysis indicated that S. vaninii extract can activate the AMPK signaling pathway, which subsequently promotes the metabolism of lipids and inhibits the biosynthesis of cholesterol, meanwhile facilitating the excretion of cholesterol, exciting the glucagon signaling pathway and affecting the thyroid hormone signaling pathway, which all contribute to the observed anti‐hyperlipidemic effect.