The Microbiome in Advanced Melanoma: Where Are We Now?

Purpose of Review This review summarizes recent data linking gut microbiota composition to ICI outcomes and gut microbiota-specific interventional clinical trials in melanoma. Recent Findings Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the effects of the gut microbiome modulation upon ICI res...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current oncology reports 2023-09, Vol.25 (9), p.997-1016
Main Authors: Fortman, Dylan D., Hurd, Drew, Davar, Diwakar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Autophagy
Bacteria
Cancer therapies
Cardiovascular disease
CD223 antigen
Clinical trials
CTLA-4 protein
Cytotoxicity
Digestive system
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Humans
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use
Immunotherapy
Intestinal microflora
Lymphocytes
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Melanoma
Melanoma - drug therapy
Metabolites
Metastases
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Mutation
Oncology
PD-1 protein
Probiotics
Response rates
Skin cancer
Skin Neoplasms - drug therapy
Topical Collection on Melanoma
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Summary:Purpose of Review This review summarizes recent data linking gut microbiota composition to ICI outcomes and gut microbiota-specific interventional clinical trials in melanoma. Recent Findings Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the effects of the gut microbiome modulation upon ICI response in advanced melanoma, with growing evidence supporting the ability of the gut microbiome to restore or improve ICI response in advanced melanoma through dietary fiber, probiotics, and FMT. Summary Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting the PD-1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 negative regulatory checkpoints have transformed the management of melanoma. ICIs are FDA-approved in advanced metastatic disease, stage III resected melanoma, and high-risk stage II melanoma and are being investigated more recently in the management of high-risk resectable melanoma in the peri-operative setting. The gut microbiome has emerged as an important tumor-extrinsic modulator of both response and immune-related adverse event (irAE) development in ICI-treated cancer in general, and melanoma in particular.
ISSN:1523-3790
1534-6269
DOI:10.1007/s11912-023-01431-3