Epidemiology of Rotavirus in Humans, Animals, and the Environment in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Globally, rotavirus infections are the most common cause of diarrhea-related deaths, especially among children under 5 years of age. This virus can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route, although zoonotic and environmental contributions to transmission are poorly defined. The purpose of this s...

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Published in:The Journal of infectious diseases 2024-05, Vol.229 (5), p.1470-1480
Main Authors: Njifon, Hermann Landry Munshili, Kenmoe, Sebastien, Ahmed, Sharia M, Roussel Takuissu, Guy, Ebogo-Belobo, Jean Thierry, Njile, Daniel Kamga, Bowo-Ngandji, Arnol, Mbaga, Donatien Serge, Kengne-Nde, Cyprien, Mouiche, Mohamed Moctar Mouliom, Njouom, Richard, Perraut, Ronald, Leung, Daniel T
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Africa - epidemiology
Animals
Child, Preschool
Diarrhea - epidemiology
Diarrhea - virology
Gastroenteritis - epidemiology
Gastroenteritis - virology
Humans
Infant
Major
Prevalence
Rotavirus
Rotavirus Infections - epidemiology
Rotavirus Vaccines - administration & dosage
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Summary:Globally, rotavirus infections are the most common cause of diarrhea-related deaths, especially among children under 5 years of age. This virus can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route, although zoonotic and environmental contributions to transmission are poorly defined. The purpose of this study is to determine the epidemiology of rotavirus in humans, animals, and the environment in Africa, as well as the impact of vaccination. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Africa Index Medicus, and African Journal Online, identifying 240 prevalence data points from 224 articles between 2009 and 2022. Human rotavirus prevalence among patients with gastroenteritis was 29.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.1%-31.5%; 238 710 participants), with similar estimates in children under 5 years of age, and an estimated case fatality rate of 1.2% (95% CI, .7%-2.0%; 10 440 participants). Prevalence was estimated to be 15.4% and 6.1% in patients with nongastroenteritis illnesses and apparently healthy individuals, respectively. Among animals, prevalence was 9.3% (95% CI, 5.7%-13.7%; 6115 animals), and in the environmental water sources, prevalence was 31.4% (95% CI, 17.7%-46.9%; 2530 samples). Our findings highlight the significant burden of rotavirus infection in Africa, and underscore the need for a One Health approach to limiting the spread of this disease.
ISSN:0022-1899
1537-6613
1537-6613
DOI:10.1093/infdis/jiad500