Targets for protection and mitigation of radiation injury

Protection of normal tissues against toxic effects of ionizing radiation is a critical issue in clinical and environmental radiobiology. Investigations in recent decades have suggested potential targets that are involved in the protection against radiation-induced damages to normal tissues and can b...

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Published in:Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 2020-08, Vol.77 (16), p.3129-3159
Main Authors: khodamoradi, Ehsan, Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi, Mojtaba, Amini, Peyman, Motevaseli, Elahe, Shabeeb, Dheyauldeen, Musa, Ahmed Eleojo, Najafi, Masoud, Farhood, Bagher
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cell Biology
Epigenesis, Genetic - physiology
Fibrosis
Humans
Inflammation
Ionizing radiation
Life Sciences
Oxidative Stress - physiology
Radiation damage
Radiation effects
Radiation injuries
Radiation Injuries - metabolism
Radiation Injuries - prevention & control
Radiation, Ionizing
Radiobiology
Reactive oxygen species
Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism
Review
Toxicity
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Summary:Protection of normal tissues against toxic effects of ionizing radiation is a critical issue in clinical and environmental radiobiology. Investigations in recent decades have suggested potential targets that are involved in the protection against radiation-induced damages to normal tissues and can be proposed for mitigation of radiation injury. Emerging evidences have been shown to be in contrast to an old dogma in radiation biology; a major amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell toxicity occur during some hours to years after exposure to ionizing radiation. This can be attributed to upregulation of inflammatory and fibrosis mediators, epigenetic changes and disruption of the normal metabolism of oxygen. In the current review, we explain the cellular and molecular changes following exposure of normal tissues to ionizing radiation. Furthermore, we review potential targets that can be proposed for protection and mitigation of radiation toxicity.
ISSN:1420-682X
1420-9071
DOI:10.1007/s00018-020-03479-x