Exosomes: from carcinogenesis and metastasis to diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer

Exosomes represent an important group of extracellular vesicles with a defined size between 40 and 150 nm and cup-shaped construction which have a pivotal role in elimination of intracellular debris and intercellular signaling networks. A line of evidence revealed the impact of different types of ex...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 2019-05, Vol.76 (9), p.1747-1758
Main Authors: Kahroba, Houman, Hejazi, Mohammad Saeid, Samadi, Nasser
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Biocompatibility
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Body fluids
Body Fluids - metabolism
Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogenesis - genetics
Carcinogenesis - pathology
Carcinogens
Cell Biology
Cell interactions
Chemoresistance
Diagnosis
Drug delivery
Drug Delivery Systems
Exosomes
Exosomes - genetics
Exosomes - physiology
Gastric cancer
Humans
Immunogenicity
Intracellular signalling
Life Sciences
Metastases
Metastasis
MicroRNAs - genetics
Mitochondria
Neoplasm Metastasis - genetics
Organs
Proteins
Review
Stomach Neoplasms - diagnosis
Stomach Neoplasms - drug therapy
Stomach Neoplasms - genetics
Stomach Neoplasms - pathology
Tumor cells
Tumor Microenvironment - physiology
Tumors
Vesicles
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Summary:Exosomes represent an important group of extracellular vesicles with a defined size between 40 and 150 nm and cup-shaped construction which have a pivotal role in elimination of intracellular debris and intercellular signaling networks. A line of evidence revealed the impact of different types of exosomes in initiation, progression, and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC). These bioactive vesicles mediate tumor and stromal communication network through modulation of cell signaling for carcinogenesis and pre-metastatic niche formation in distant organs. Exosomes contain various cargos including DNAs (mitochondrial and genomic), proteins, transposable elements, and RNAs (coding and noncoding) with different compositions related to functional status of origin cells. In this review, we summarize the main roles of key exosomal cargos in induction of exosome-mediated signaling in cancer cells. Body fluids are employed frequently as the source of exosomes released by tumor cells with a potential role in early diagnosis of GC and chemoresistance. These vesicles as non-toxic and non-immunogenic carriers are also found to be applied for novel drug delivery systems.
ISSN:1420-682X
1420-9071
DOI:10.1007/s00018-019-03035-2