Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2: emerging transcriptional roles of a DNA-repair protein

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-2 is a nuclear enzyme that belongs to the PARP family and PARP-2 is responsible for 5–15 % of total cellular PARP activity. PARP-2 was originally described in connection to DNA repair and in physiological and pathophysiological processes associated with genome main...

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Published in:Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 2012-12, Vol.69 (24), p.4079-4092
Main Authors: Szántó, Magdolna, Brunyánszki, Attila, Kiss, Borbála, Nagy, Lilla, Gergely, Pál, Virág, László, Bai, Péter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine diphosphate
Animals
Beta cells
Biochemistry
biogenesis
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
carcinogenesis
Cell Biology
centromeres
Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA polymerase
DNA Repair
Enzymes
gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation
genome
Genomic Instability
Humans
inflammation
insulin resistance
Life Sciences
Metabolism
Mice
Mitochondria
Models, Genetic
NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - genetics
phenotype
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - chemistry
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - genetics
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - physiology
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Proteins
Review
Sirtuin 1 - metabolism
Sirtuin 1 - physiology
Spermatogenesis - genetics
spermiogenesis
telomeres
transcription (genetics)
Transcription, Genetic
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creator Szántó, Magdolna
Brunyánszki, Attila
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Nagy, Lilla
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Virág, László
Bai, Péter
description Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-2 is a nuclear enzyme that belongs to the PARP family and PARP-2 is responsible for 5–15 % of total cellular PARP activity. PARP-2 was originally described in connection to DNA repair and in physiological and pathophysiological processes associated with genome maintenance (e.g., centromere and telomere protection, spermiogenesis, thymopoiesis, azoospermia, and tumorigenesis). Recent reports have identified important rearrangements in gene expression upon the knockout of PARP-2. Such rearrangements heavily impact inflammation and metabolism. Metabolic effects are mediated through modifying PPARγ and SIRT1 function. Altered gene expression gives rise to a complex phenotype characterized primarily by enhanced mitochondrial activity that results both in beneficial (loss of fat, enhanced insulin sensitivity) and in disadvantageous (pancreatic beta cell hypofunction upon high fat feeding) consequences. Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis provides protection in oxidative stress-related diseases. Hereby, we review the recent developments in PARP-2 research with special attention to the involvement of PARP-2 in transcriptional and metabolic regulation.
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subjects Adenosine diphosphate
Animals
Beta cells
Biochemistry
biogenesis
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
carcinogenesis
Cell Biology
centromeres
Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA polymerase
DNA Repair
Enzymes
gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation
genome
Genomic Instability
Humans
inflammation
insulin resistance
Life Sciences
Metabolism
Mice
Mitochondria
Models, Genetic
NAD ADP-ribosyltransferase
Oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - genetics
phenotype
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - chemistry
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - genetics
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases - physiology
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Proteins
Review
Sirtuin 1 - metabolism
Sirtuin 1 - physiology
Spermatogenesis - genetics
spermiogenesis
telomeres
transcription (genetics)
Transcription, Genetic
title Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-2: emerging transcriptional roles of a DNA-repair protein
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